Japanese

QuestionAnswer
name
(お)まえ(o)namae
grandmother; old lady
(お)ばあさん(o)baasan
guest; customer
(お)きゃく(さん)(o)kyaku(san)
temple
(お)てら(o)tera
shop, store
(お)みせ(o)mise
boxed lunch
(お)べんとう(o)bentou
plate, dish
(お)さら(o)sara
grandfather; old man
(お)さん(o)ziisan
congratulation; celebration; congratulatory gift
(お)いわ(o)iwai
to celebrate
(お)祝いわいする(o)iwaisuru
festival; celebration
(お)まつ(o)maturi
green tea
(お)ちゃ(o)tya
birthday
(お)たんじょう(o)tanzyoubi
alcohol; rice wine
(お)さけ(o)sake
money
(お)かね(o)kane
wish, hope
(お)ねが(o)negai
to request; to wish; to hope
(お)ねがいする(o)negaisuru
bath
(お)(o)huro
to take a bath
(お) に はい(o)huro ni hairu
(both) parents
(ご)りょうしん(go)ryousin
husband
(ご)しゅじん(go)syuzin

Note how, just as with ない the kanji in this word correspond to traditional gender roles.

The problem is that though among friends you can use おっと, in a less casual setting there's not currently really a good alternative to しゅじん to politely refer to someone else's husband.

I'm pleased to meet you. Please treat me well
(どうぞ) よろしく おねがいします。(douzo) yorosiku onegaisimasu.
What does X mean?
X は なん の  です か?X ha nan no imi desu ka?
let me see; well; err
ええとeeto
Means the same as えっと
let me see; well; err
えっとetto
You can use this interjection if you need time to think.
child (polite)
さんokosan
because, since
からkara
though, although
けどkedo
though, although
けれどkeredo
but, however
しかしsikasi
See ya.casual
じゃあ ね。zyaa ne.
to do
するsuru
only, just, merely
ただtada
only; just
だけdake
a little bit
ちょっとtyotto
but, however
でもdemo
because, since
のでnode
to do
やるyaru

やる has a more casual tone compared to する and is often used in everyday conversation. It's also often used when talking about doing a task, especially a chore.

U.S.A.
アメリカamerika
England; United Kindom, Britain
イギリスigirisu
game
ゲームgeemu
bag
バッグbaggu

This word is typically used to describe more fashionable or trendy bags, such as designer handbags, clutches, and the like. It carries a modern or fashionable connotation.

plan
プランpuran
I’m glad that…; It’s good that…
~て よかった~te yokatta
degrees counter
~~do

This is the same counter as the times counter .

if ... is the case
。。。 なら... nara
it is necessary to ...; it is needed to ...
。。。 ひつよう が ある... hituyou ga aru
ten (objects)
十つとおtoo
To move (house)
引っひっhikkosu
reason suffix
〜te
must not
〜ちゃ いけない〜tya ikenai
must not
〜ちゃ ダメ〜tya dame
to decide on ~
〜 に する〜 ni suru
to be sensitive to; to be susceptible to
〜 に よわ〜 ni yowai
passive form suffix
〜あれる〜areru
potential form
〜える; 〜られる〜eru; 〜rareru

For verbs in Group 1, change the final う-sound into an え-sound, and add -る as ending.

For verbs in Group 2, change the -る ending into -られる.

volitional form
〜おう、 〜よう〜ou, 〜you
thing; situation; verb nominalizer
〜こと〜koto
to have done (before)
〜こと が ある〜koto ga aru
to be able to; to be possible to
〜こと が できる〜koto ga dekiru
verb suffix to express desire
〜たい〜tai
sequential conditional
〜たら〜tara
andnot exclusive; doing such things as ...
〜たり〜tari
verb suffix for forming the imperative, among other things
〜て〜te
grammar indicating remaining state intentionally brought about by someone
〜て ある〜te aru
grammar for indicating an ongoing state or action
〜て いる〜te iru
I'm sorry for ...
〜て ごめん なさい〜te gomen nasai
I'm sorry for ...
〜て すみません〜te sumimasen
must not; is not allowed
〜て は いけない〜te ha ikenai
must not; is not allowed
〜て は いけません〜te ha ikemasen
Even if; even though; (after verbs and i-adjectives)
〜て も〜te mo
It is ok to 〜
〜て も いい (です)〜te mo ii (desu)
to have to do 〜
〜ない と いけない〜nai to ikenai
to have to do 〜
〜ない と ダメ (です)〜nai to dame (desu)
without doing
〜ないで〜naide
while ...
〜ながら〜nagara
to have to do 〜
〜なくちゃ〜nakutya
to not do 〜 and ...; to not do 〜 so ...
〜なくて〜nakute
to have to do 〜
〜なくて は いけない〜nakute ha ikenai
to have to do 〜
〜なくて は ならない〜nakute ha naranai
to have to do 〜
〜なくて は ダメ〜nakute ha dame
It's ok not to; to not have to
〜なくて も いい〜nakute mo ii
if not
〜なければ〜nakereba
if
〜ば〜ba
throughout, duringused after a noun
ちゅう〜tyuu

Sometimes the initial t-sound changes into a d-sound due to rendaku, a phenomenon where the initial consonant of the second part of a compound word becomes voiced.

Unfortunately, there are no clear rules for when rendaku applies.

people counter
にん〜nin
person from ... (suffix for indicating nationality, race or origin)
じん〜zin
minute (counter)
ふん〜hun
intended for; aimed at
〜muke
occurrence counter; number of times
かい〜kai
suffix to indicate profession or expertise
〜ka
times counter
〜do

This counter is regular.

way of; method of
かた〜kata
day counter
にち〜niti
easy to ...
やす〜yasui
hour (counter)
〜zi
long, cylindrical object counter
ほん〜hon
cup counter
はい〜hai

Used to count cups, glasses, bowls, or servings of liquid, such as drinks and soups.

It can also be used to count things that are typically served in a vessel, like scoops of ice cream or servings of rice.

The pronunciation changes just as any other counter that starts with an h-sound, such as 本hon and 百hyaku.

years of age (counter)
さい〜sai
language suffix
〜go
(emotionally or personally) difficult to ...; uncomfortable to ...
づら〜durai
by the 〜
〜be

Can only be used after some nouns, so don't just randomly attach this after any noun.

pluralizing suffix
たち〜tati
duration suffix
かん〜kan
floor counter
かい〜kai
(physically or technically) difficult to ...
にく〜nikui
ah, oh, uh
ああaa
(over) there
あそこasoko
that over there formal; that person over there; that way over there
あちらatira
that person over there; that way over there; that (one) over there
あっちatti
you
あなたanata
you (plural)
あなたたちanatatati
that ... (over there) adnominal
あのano
um, uh; excuse me
あのうanou
thank you neutral
ありがとうarigatou
Thank you. formal
ありがとう ございます。arigatou gozaimasu.
to exist; to have; (used for non-living entities)
あるaru
that (one) over there pronoun
あれare
like that
あんなanna
good
いいii
no
いいえiie
how
いかがikaga
how many
いくつikutu
how much
いくらikura
I'm leaving (the house).
いってきます。ittekimasu.
Literally: I'll go and come back.
Take care. Come back safely.
いってらっしゃい。itterassyai.
Literally: go and come back
full
いっぱいippai
when
いつitu
to comehonorific
いらっしゃるirassyaru
to exist; to stay; to have (used for living beings)
いるiru
various
いろいろiroiro
home
うちuti
noisy; annoying
うるさいurusai
yes
ええee
honorific prefix
o
delicious
おいしいoisii
funny; strange
おかしいokasii
probably, perhaps
おそらくosoraku

Same degree of confidence as ぶん, but more formal.

Good morning.
おはよう ございます。ohayou gozaimasu.
Good morning.casual
おはよう。ohayou.
congratulations
おめでとうomedetou
congratulations
おめでとう ございますomedetou gozaimasu

This is more polite and formal than just おめでとう

Good night.
おやすみ なさい。oyasumi nasai.
snack
おやつoyatu
and; as well as
およびoyobi
bill; check
かいけいokaikei
older brother polite
にいさんoniisan
Please go ahead; Please go first; After you
さき に どうぞ。osaki ni douzo.
older sister polite
ねえさんoneesan
police officer
まわりさんomawarisan

まわりりさん is a polite and somewhat affectionate term for a police officer.

Welcome home.
かえり なさい。okaeri nasai.
Literally: do return
toilet; restroom; lavatory; bathroom
あらotearai
mother polite
かあさんokaasan
father
とうさんotousan
stomach; belly
なかonaka
to be hungry
なか が onaka ga suku
candy; sweets; snacks
okasi
visiting someone who is ill or injured; a visit to express sympathy; sending a gift or card to someone who is unwell as a gesture of concern and well-wishing
omimai
Excuse me for interrupting you; Used as a greeting when entering someone's home
じゃします。ozyamasimasu.
question particle
ka
or exhaustive
ka
whether or not
か どう かka dou ka
to take (time to do something)
かかるkakaru
to come down with (a disease); to catch (a disease)
かかるkakaru
I wonder
かなkana
from; since; after
からkara
subject particle
ga
but
ga
surely, certainly
きっとkitto
cucumber
きゅうりkyuuri
pretty, beautiful; clean
きれいkirei
beautifully; cleanly
きれいにkireini
please
くださいkudasai
about; approximately
ぐらいgurai
though/although
けれどもkeredomo
here
ここkoko
this formal; this person; this way
こちらkotira
this person; this way; this (one)
こっちkotti
this ... adnominal
このkono
near here
この ちかく にkono tikaku ni
these days; recently; nowadays
このごろkonogoro
this (one) pronoun
これkore
these
これらkorera
like this, this kind of
こんなkonna
Good day.
こんにち は。konniti ha.
Good evening.
こんばん は。konban ha.
honorific prefix
go
to be very polite
ございますgozaimasu
pardon; sorry
ごめんgomen
May I come in; Please forgive me.
ごめん ください。gomen kudasai.
I beg your pardon; Excuse me.
ごめん なさい。gomen nasai.
about; approximate time
ごろgoro
rice; meal
はんgohan
It was a feast. (Thank you for the meal)
そうさま でした。gotisousama desita.
It was a feast. (Thank you for the meal)
そうさま。gotisousama.
cherry
さくらんぼsakuranbo
honorific postfix
さまsama
Can be used after a noun or な-adjective prefixed with お- or ご- honorifics.
Goodbye.
さようなら。sayounara.
to be done
されるsareru
polite name ender
さんsan
only, just; nothing but, no more than
しかsika

Used together with a negative verb.

it is not the case
じゃ ありませんzya arimasen
it is not the case
じゃ ないzya nai
if not; (after na-adjectives and nouns)
じゃ なければzya nakereba
then; well; so; well then
じゃあzyaa
See you later.casual
じゃあ また。zyaa mata.
soon; right away, at once
すぐsugu
completely, entirely
すっかりsukkari
I'm sorry; pardon me; thank you
すみませんsumimasen
so, such
そうsou
therenear the listener
そこsoko
and sentence conjunction
そしてsosite
that formal; that person; that way
そちらsotira
that person; that way; that (one)
そっちsotti
that ... adnominal
そのsono
that (one) pronoun
それsore
and; and then; since then
それからsorekara
those; they
それらsorera
soon
そろそろsorosoro
like that, (referring to something close to the listener or something mentioned in the conversation)
そんなsonna
many, much, a lot
たくさんtakusan
just now
ただいまtadaima
I'm back.
ただいま。tadaima.
Literally "just now", an abbreviation of "I've returned just now": ただいま帰りました
pluralizing suffix
たちtati
for the sake of; in order to; because of
ため にtame ni
to be
da
not limited to; not only
だけで なくdakede naku
not limited to; not only
だけで は なくdakede ha naku
no good, useless
だめdame
probably, I think; isn't it, right?
だろうdarou
gradually
だんだんdandan
Excuse me, are you free?
ちょっと いい です か?tyotto ii desu ka?
general object counter
tu
finally, at last
ついにtuini
to turn on; to switch on
つけるtukeru
intention
つもりtumori
location particle (for events and actions)
de
method/means particle
de
reason particle
de
particle for connecting nouns
de
if; (following na-adjective or noun)
で あればde areba
if not; (after na-adjectives and nouns)
で なければde nakereba
it is not the case
で は ありませんde ha arimasen
it is not the case; is not
で は ないde ha nai
Even if; even though; (after nouns and na-adjectives)
で もde mo
to be made of
で て いるde dekite iru

Usually written using only hiragana

to be able to do
できるdekiru
to be ready
できるdekiru
as ... as possible
できる だけdekiru dake
probably, I think; isn't it, right?
でしょうdesyou
to be
ですdesu
... or something; something like ...
でもdemo
and; or; with
to
if
to
together with
と いっしょ にto issyo ni
very, extremely
とてもtotemo
how; how about; what
どうdou
The only difference between どう and いかが is that いかが is more polite than どう.
What happened?; What's wrong?
どう しました か。dou simasita ka.
why; how
どうしてdousite
please; go ahead
どうぞdouzo
here you are
どうぞdouzo
Please go ahead; Please go first; After you
どうぞ おさき にdouzo osaki ni
I'm pleased to meet you. Please treat me well
どうぞ よろしく。douzo yorosiku.
thanks casual
どうもdoumo
Thank you very much. formal
どうも ありがとう ございます。doumo arigatou gozaimasu.
Thank you very much. neutral
どうも ありがとう。doumo arigatou.
how; by what means/method
どうやってdouyatte
where
どこdoko
which one; who
どちらdotira
which person; which way; which (one)
どっちdotti
whovery polite
どなたdonata
which ...
どのdono
which (one)
どれdore
what, what kind of
どんなdonna
versatile and expressive particle often used in conversational Japanese to convey a range of emotions, from reflection and emphasis to longing and admiration
なあnaa
not
ないnai
do imperative
なさいnasai
why; for what reason
なぜnaze

Same as . This word is often written using hiragana alone.

et cetera, and so on, and the like
などnado
if; (following na-adjective or noun)
ならばnaraba
to become
なるnaru
at; on; in; to; for [indirect object particle]
ni
concerning; regarding
に つい てni tui te
according to
に よる とni yoru to
to look like
に えるni mieru
confirmation particle
ne
possessive case particle
no
verb nominalizer
no
particle used at the end of a sentence for explanation, confirmation, softening or emphasis
no
having; with
の あるno aru
the explanation is that...; it is that....
の ですno desu
topic particle
ha
yes
はいhai
How do you do? / Nice to meet you.When meeting for the first time
はじめまして。hazimemasite.
suitable, appropriate
ふさわしいhusawasii
grape
ぶどうbudou
to [destination particle]
he
wanted
ほしいhosii
first of all; to start with
まずmazu
unpalatable; bad-tasting
まずいmazui
again; also
またmata
Later!casual
また ね。mata ne.
still, yet
まだmada
straight, direct
まっすぐmassugu
to go straight
まっすぐ いくmassugu iku
until, till, to
までmade
even; (extreme extent)
までmade
by; by the time
まで にmade ni
extremelyslang
めちゃmetya
too; also
mo
already; more; again
もうmou
before long; soon; nearly
もうすぐmousugu
more
もっとmotto
and; or not exhaustive
ya
to stop (an activity); to give up; to quit
やめるyameru
slowly; leisurely
ゆっくりyukkuri
assertion particle
yo
often
よくyoku
than; from; more
よりyori
to be due to; to be caused by
よるyoru
well, properly; best regards
よろしくyorosiku
pluralizing suffix
ra
apple
りんごringo
direct object particle
wo
the explanation is that...; it is that....
んだnda
the explanation is that...; it is that....
んですndesu
ice; ice cream
アイスaisu
ice cream
アイスクリームaisukuriimu
ice tea
アイスティaisuthi
Iceland
アイスランドaisurando
idea
アイディアaidhia
Asia
アジアazia
advice
アドバイスadobaisu
address
アドレスadoresu
animation
アニメanime
apartment
アパートapaato
Africa
アフリカahurika
app; application
アプリapuri
American football
アメフトamehuto
American person
アメリカじんamerikazin
Arabic
アラビアarabiago
alcohol
アルコールarukooru
part-time job
アルバイトarubaito

Borrowed from the German word Arbeit, which means work or job.

album
アルバムarubamu
allergy
アレルギーarerugii
Andrew
アンドリューandoryuu
Italy
イタリアitaria
event
イベントibento
earrings (wearable without pierced ears)
イヤリングiyaringu
interview
インタビューintabyuu
internet
インターネットintaanetto
India
インドindo
whisky
ウイスキーuisukii
virus
ウイルスuirusu
website
ウェブサイトwebusaito
rabbit
ウサギusagi
air conditioning; air conditioner
エアコンeakon
escalator
エスカレーターesukareetaa
shrimp
エビebi
elevator
エレベーターerebeetaa
engineer
エンジニアenzinia
engine
エンジンenzin
office
オフィスofisu
omurice; fried rice wrapped in an omelette
オムライスomuraisu
The Netherlands
オランダoranda
orangefruit; color
オレンジorenzi
online
オンラインonrain
frog
カエルkaeru
casual
カジュアルkazyuaru
cup
カップkappu
Canada
カナダkanada
crab
カニkani
canoe
カヌーkanuu
cafe
カフェkafe
camera
カメラkamera
cameraman
カメラマンkameraman
Karaoke
カラオケkaraoke
crow
カラスkarasu
calendar
カレンダーkarendaa
curry
カレーkaree
card
カードkaado
gas
ガスgasu
gasoline; petrol
ガソリンgasorin
gas station; petrol station
ガソリンスタンドgasorinsutando
gum
ガムgamu
glass (material)
ガラスgarasu
cancer
ガンgan
fox
キツネkitune
candle
キャンドルkyandoru
Cuba
キューバkyuuba
giraffe
キリンkirin
kilogram
キログラムkiroguramu
kilometer
キロメートルkiromeetoru
guitar
ギターgitaa
quality
クオリティkuorithi
cookie
クッキーkukkii
spider
クモkumo
class
クラスkurasu
club
クラブkurabu
Christmas
クリスマスkurisumasu
cleaning; dry cleaning
クリーニングkuriiningu
cleaner; dry cleaner
クリーニングkuriininguya
cream
クリームkuriimu
credit
クレジットkurezitto
credit card
クレジット カードkurezitto kaado
gram
グラムguramu
gray
グレーguree
cake
ケーキkeeki
bat
コウモリkoumori
copy
コピーkopii
to make a copy (of)
コピー を kopii wo toru
to copy
コピーするkopiisuru
comedy
コメディkomedhi
concert
コンサートkonsaato
convenience store
コンビニkonbini
computer
コンピュータkonpyuuta

Alternative spelling of コンピューター

computer
コンピューターkonpyuutaa
tennis court
コートkooto
coat
コートkooto
coffee
コーヒーkoohii
coffee cup
コーヒーカップkoohiikappu
coffee beans
コーヒーまめkoohiimame
trash can; garbage bin
ゴミばこgomibako
gorilla
ゴリラgorira
golf
ゴルフgoruhu
goal
ゴールgooru
size
サイズsaizu
soccer
サッカーsakkaa
salad
サラダsarada
office worker
サラリーマンsarariiman
sunglasses
サングラスsangurasu
sandal
サンダルsandaru
sandwich
サンドイッチsandoitti
surfing
サーフィンsaafin
deer
シカsika
zebra
シマウマsimauma
shirt
シャツsyatu
shower
シャワーsyawaa
shock
ショックsyokku
gym
ジムzimu
Jim
ジムzimu
jam; (as in the fruit preserve)
ジャムzyamu
genre
ジャンルzyanru
juice
ジュースzyuusu
jogging, jog
ジョギングzyogingu
John
ジョンzyon
soup
スウプsuupu
skydiving
スカイダイビングsukaidaibingu
skirt
スカートsukaato
screen
スクリーンsukuriin
sticker
ステッカーsutekkaa
steak
ステーキsuteeki
stage
ステージsuteezi
stove; heater
ストーブsutoobu
(audio) speaker
スピーカーsupiikaa
spoon
スプーンsupuun
Spain
スペインsupein
Spanish language
スペインsupeingo
sports
スポーツsupootu
slippers
スリッパsurippa
suit
スーツsuutu
suitcase
スーツケースsuutukeesu
supermarket
スーパーsuupaa
trousers
ズボンzubon
sense; taste
センスsensu
sweater, jumper
セーターseetaa
salesman
セールスマンseerusuman
zero
ゼロzero
software
ソフトsohuto
Somalia
ソマリアsomaria
solo
ソロsoro
Thailand
タイtai
taxi
タクシーtakusii
cigarettes; tobacco
タバコtabako
diamond
ダイヤモンドdaiyamondo
ticket
チケットtiketto
chocolate
チョコレートtyokoreeto
chocolate cake
チョコレートケーキtyokoreetokeeki
chocolate bar
チョコレートバーtyokoreetobaa
chimpanzee
チンパンジーtinpanzii
cheese
チーズtiizu
text(book)
テキストtekisuto
test
テストtesuto
to test
テストするtesutosuru
tennis
テニスtenisu
TV
テレビterebi
videogame
テレビゲームterebigeemu
excitement; mood; energy
テンションtensyon
being low energy; being not excited
テンション が ひくtensyon ga hikui
being high energy; being excited
テンション が たかtensyon ga takai
table
テーブルteeburu
tape
テープteepu
tape recorder
テープレコーダーteepurekoodaa
theme; topic
テーマteema
designer
デザイナーdezainaa
design
デザインdezain
dessert
デザートdezaato
department store
デパートdepaato
data
データdeeta
(romantic) date
デートdeeto
toilet
トイレtoire
lizard
トカゲtokage
tomato
トマトtomato
Toyota
トヨタtoyota
traffic
トラフィックtorafikku
trumpet
トランペットtoranpetto
tunnel
トンネルtonneru
Western style door
ドアdoa
doorbell
ドアベルdoaberu
Germany
ドイツdoitu
German language
ドイツdoitugo
drama
ドラマdorama
dollar
ドルdoru
dress (garment)
ドレスdoresu
knife
ナイフnaihu
New York
ニュー ヨークnyuu yooku
news
ニュースnyuusu
tie; necktie
ネクタイnekutai
screw
ネジnezi
mouse; rat
ネズミnezumi
necklace
ネックレスnekkuresu
notebook
ノートnooto
hiking
ハイキングhaikingu
ham
ハムhamu
hamster
ハムスターhamusutaa
Hawaii
ハワイhawai
handkerchief
ハンカチhankati
(coat) hanger
ハンガーhangaa
hammock
ハンモックhanmokku
violin
バイオリンbaiorin
buffet
バイキングbaikingu
bus
バスbasu
butter
バターbataa
battery
バッテリーbatterii
banana
バナナbanana
vanilla
バニラbanira
rose
バラbara
band
バンドbando
bar
バーbaa
barbecue
バーベキューbaabekyuu
pasta
パスタpasuta
password
パスワードpasuwaado
computer
パソコンpasokon
Paris
パリpari
bread
パンpan
pancake
パンケーキpankeeki
percent
パーセントpaasento
party
パーティーpaathii
business
ビジネスbizinesu
building
ビルbiru
beach
ビーチbiiti
beer
ビールbiiru
earrings (for pierced ears)
ピアスpiasu
piano
ピアノpiano
picnic
ピクニックpikunikku
pizza
ピザpiza
pink
ピンクpinku
fax
ファックスfakkusu
fashion
ファッションfassyon
film
フィルムfirumu
fence
フェンスfensu
fork
フォークfooku
hook
フックhukku
frying pan
フライパンhuraipan
France
フランスhuransu
French (language)
フランスhuransugo
flute
フルートhuruuto
blue
ブルーburuu
bracelet
ブレスレットburesuretto
present
プレゼントpurezento
to give as a present
プレゼントするpurezentosuru
professional, pro
プロpuro
project
プロジェクトpurozyekuto
(swimming) pool
プールpuuru
snake
ヘビhebi
vegetarian
ベジタリアンbezitarian
bed
ベッドbeddo
bell
ベルberu
pet
ペットpetto
pen
ペンpen
paint; (the kind used for painting walls, buildings, and other surfaces)
ペンキpenki
to apply paint; to paint
ペンキ を penki wo nuru
page
ページpeezi
hot
ホットhotto

ホット is neither an い-adjective nor a な-adjective. It's a noun.

When used to describe a hot drink like coffee, ホット コーヒー, it functions more like a noun as part of a compound noun.

hotel
ホテルhoteru
button
ボタンbotan
ball
ボールbooru
ballpoint pen
ボールペンboorupen
pocket
ポケットpoketto
Pokemon
ポケモンpokemon
postbox; mailbox
ポストposuto
popcorn
ポップコーンpoppukoon
potatoe
ポテトpoteto
poundunit of weight; currency
ポンドpondo
match
マッチmatti

A small stick used to light a fire or a competition.

mat
マットmatto
apartment
マンションmansyon
mark
マークmaaku
to mark
マークするmaakusuru
mistake; error
ミスmisu
milk
ミルクmiruku
meeting
ミーティングmiithingu
Mary
メアリーmearii
makeup
メイクmeiku
Mexican
メキシカンmekisikan
message
メッセージmesseezi
menu
メニューmenyuu
memo
メモmemo
to take notes
メモするmemosuru
(computer) memory
メモリーmemorii
Mercedes
メルセデスmerusedesu
meter
メートルmeetoru
email
メールmeeru
email address
メール アドレスmeeru adoresu
model
モデルmoderu
Morocco
モロッコmorokko
Judea (southern Palestine)
ユダヤyudaya
Jewish person
ユダヤじんyudayazin
humor
ユーモアyuumoa
yoghurt
ヨーグルトyooguruto
Europe
ヨーロッパyooroppa
lion
ライオンraion
radio
ラジオrazio
radio cassette player
ラジオカセットraziokasetto
radio cassette player
ラジカセrazikase
laptop
ラップトップrapputoppu
label
ラベルraberu
orchid
ランran
runner
ランナーrannaa
running as exercise
ランニングranningu
to run
ランニングするranningusuru
ramen
ラーメンraamen
list
リストrisuto
relax
リラックスrirakkusu
to relax
リラックスするrirakkususuru
record
レコードrekoodo
recipe
レシピresipi
restaurant
レストランresutoran
report
レポートrepooto
lemon
レモンremon
Los Angeles
ロサンゼルスrosanzerusu
Russia
ロシアrosia
locker
ロッカーrokkaa
robot
ロボットrobotto
London
ロンドンrondon
roast
ローストroosuto
dress shirt
ワイシャツwaisyatu

The term ワイシャツ is derived from the English word white shirt, but in Japanese, it generally refers to any formal dress shirt, not necessarily white.

wine
ワインwain
wax
ワックスwakkusu
crocodile
ワニwani
one (object)
ひとhitotu
one person; alone
ひとhitori
single word; brief comment
ひとことhitokoto
once
いっかいikkai
step
いっippo
1,000
いっせんissen
ten million
いっせんまんissenman
together; same
いっしょissyo
together; at the same time; simultaneously
いっしょ にissyo ni
one
いちiti
ten thousand
いちまんitiman
one day
いちにちitiniti
January
いちがつitigatu
verb group 2
いちだんitidan
first; best
いちばんitiban
the year before last
としototosi
the day before yesterday
といototoi
day one
ついたちtuitati
once
いちitido
not even once
いち もitido mo
exactly, precisely; just
ちょうtyoudo
seven (objects)
ななnanatu
seventy thousand
ななまんnanaman
70
ななじゅうnanazyuu
7,000
ななせんnanasen
700
ななひゃくnanahyaku
day seven; seven days
なのnanoka
July
しちがつsitigatu
seven
ななnana
seven
しちsiti
ten thousands counter
まんman
fountain pen
まんねんひつmannenhitu
sturdy; strong; durable
じょうzyoubu
day three; three days
みっmikka
three (objects)
みっmittu
three
さんsan
thirty thousand
さんまんsanman
30
さんじゅうsanzyuu
3,000
さんぜんsanzen
March
さんがつsangatu
300
さんびゃくsanbyaku
to rise; to go up
がるagaru
to be promoted; to advance
がるagaru
to raise; to give
げるageru
on; above; up; top
うえue
district in Tokyo that's famous for its park
うえueno
Ueno Park
うえ こうえんueno kouen
coat; jacket; outer garment
うわuwagi
boss; supervisor
じょうzyousi

じょう is a general term that means boss or supervisor and can refer to any person who holds a higher rank than you at work.

good (at); skillful
じょうzyouzu
bad (at), unskillful
heta
to descend; to go down
くだkudaru
down; under; lower; below
したsita
inconvenience; inconvenient
便べんhuben
unappetizing; bad-tasting; unpleasant
mazui
to give (something intangible); to bestow; to grant
あたえるataeru
both ~
りょうryou〜
to be lined up; to line up
ならnarabu
to line up something; to arrange
ならべるnaraberu
in, inside; middle
なかnaka
China
ちゅうごくtyuugoku
Chinese person
ちゅうごくじんtyuugokuzin
Chinese language
ちゅうごくtyuugokugo
junior high school; middle school
ちゅうがっこうtyuugakkou
center
ちゅうしんtyuusin
round, circular
まるmarui
owner (of a store); landlord
しゅじんsyuzin
to ride; to get on (a vehicle)
noru
nine (objects)
ここのkokonotu
day nine; nine days
ここのkokonoka
September
がつkugatu
nine
きゅうkyuu
ninety thousand
きゅうまんkyuuman
90
きゅうじゅうkyuuzyuu
9,000
きゅうせんkyuusen
900
きゅうひゃくkyuuhyaku
plan; plans
ていyotei

てい refers to a single scheduled instance or arrangement. It implies a fixed or pre-determined plan, often involving time or dates.

(intangible) thing; matter
ことkoto
accident
ziko
twenty years old
hatati
day twenty; twenty days
hatuka
two (objects)
ふたhutatu
two people
ふたhutari
day two; two days
ふつhutuka
two
ni
twenty thousand
まんniman
20
じゅうnizyuu
day twenty-seven; twenty-seven days
じゅうしちにちnizyuusitiniti
day twenty-four; twenty-four days
じゅうよっnizyuuyokka
2,000
せんnisen
twice
かいnikai
two times; twice
nido
never again
nidoto
February
がつnigatu
200
ひゃくnihyaku
five
go
fifty thousand
まんgoman
50
じゅうgozyuu
5,000
せんgosen
May
がつgogatu
verb group 1
だんgodan
500
ひゃくgohyaku
five (objects)
いつitutu
day five; five days
いつituka
to pass away; to die
くなるnakunaru
intersection
こうてんkousaten
police box
こうばんkouban

A こうばん is a small neighborhood police station commonly found in Japan where police officers provide various services, such as giving directions, handling lost and found items, and responding to local incidents.

traffic; transportation
こうつうkoutuu
traffic accident
こうつうkoutuuziko
traffic situation
こうつうじょうきょうkoutuuzyoukyou
Kyoto
きょうkyouto
people
ひとびとhitobito
popularity
にんninki
to be popular
にん が あるninki ga aru
population
じんこうzinkou
manmade, artificial
じんこうzinkou
life
じんせいzinsei
person
ひとhito
now
いまima
this morning
kesa
tonight
こんkonya
tonight, this evening
こんばんkonban
this month
こんげつkongetu
this week
こんしゅうkonsyuu
this year
としkotosi
today
きょkyou
work, job
ごとsigoto
to work
ごとするsigotosuru
other, another
ほかhoka

Often written using hiragana only.

to attach; to apply; to put
けるtukeru
holiday, day off
きゅうじつkyuuzitu
rest, break; holiday
やすyasumi
day off
やすみ の yasumi no hi
to rest; to take a break
やすyasumu
to be absent; to take a day off
やすyasumu
to meet, to see
au
company
かいしゃkaisya
aunt
oba
uncle
ozi
to ask (humbly)
うかがukagau
low, short
ひくhikui
to live in, to reside
sumu
body
からだkarada
always; never
itumo
what
なんnan
what
なにnani
something
なにnanika
nothing, (not) anything
なにnanimo
What is it?
なん です か?nan desu ka?
how; what; (what with)
なんnanto
how many people
なんにんnannin
thousands
なんぜんnanzen
how many times
なんかいnankai
what year
なんねんnannen
how many times, how often; many times
なんnando
many times
なん もnando mo
what day (of the month); how many days
なんにちnanniti
what time
なんnanzi
how many hours
なんかんnanzikan
what day (of the week)
なんようnanyoubi
what month
なんがつnangatu
how many years old
なんさいnansai
what floor
なんかいnankai
why; for what reason
naze
not much; not very
あまamari
composition; essay
さくぶんsakubun
novelist, writer
さっsakka
making, producing; make, construction, structure
つくtukuri
make
つくtukuru
to use
使つかtukau
useful, convenient
便べんbenrina
to believe; to trust
しんじるsinziru
traffic light; signal
しんごうsingou
trust
しんらいsinrai
trustworthy; able to be trusted
しんらい できるsinrai dekiru

The structure [noun] + できる is a common way to express the ability or possibility related to the noun. This construction turns the noun into an adjective describing the noun that follows.

to borrow
りるkariru
side
がわgawa
near; beside
そばsoba

そば is usually written using kana alone as そば, and indicates proximity or nearness to something or someone, without specifying a particular side.

がわ specifies a particular side or aspect of something. Often used with direction words to indicate specific sides, such as right, left, this side, that side, etc.

umbrella
かさkasa
to work
はたらhataraku
gentle, tender, kind, friendly
やさしいyasasii
New Year's Day
がんじつganzitu
well; lively, vigorous; health
げんgenki
older brother plain
あにani
sibling
きょうだいkyoudai
previous, past, after; ahead
さきsaki
tip, point
さきsaki
the month before last
せんせんげつsensengetu
the week before last
せんせんしゅうsensensyuu
last month
せんげつsengetu
teacher
せんせいsensei
last week
せんしゅうsensyuu
light
ひかりhikari
to shine; to glitter; to glow
ひかhikaru
to be contained in
はいって いるhaitte iru
to come in; to come into
はいって くるhaitte kuru
to enter
はいhairu
entrance
ぐちiriguti
to insert
れるireru
hospitalization
にゅういんnyuuin
to be hospitalized
にゅういんするnyuuinsuru
all; everything; entire
すべsubete
all; whole
ぜんzenbu
800
はっぴゃくhappyaku
8,000
はっせんhassen
eight
はちhati
eighty thousand
はちまんhatiman
80
はちじゅうhatizyuu
August
はちがつhatigatu
eight (objects)
やっyattu
greengrocer
yaoya
day eight; eight days
ようyouka
park
こうえんkouen
day six; six days
むいmuika
six (objects)
むっmuttu
six
ろくroku
sixty thousand
ろくまんrokuman
60
ろくじゅうrokuzyuu
6,000
ろくせんrokusen
June
ろくがつrokugatu
600
ろっぴゃくroppyaku
yen
えんen
the year after next
らいねんsarainen
the month after next
らいげつsaraigetu
the week after next
らいしゅうsaraisyuu
picture, photo
しゃしんsyasin
winter
ふゆhuyu
refrigerator
れいぞうreizouko
coldthing
つめたいtumetai
to serve (food)
dasu
to send; to submit
dasu
to put out; to produce; to take out; to release
dasu
to go out, to leave
かけるdekakeru

出かける is more specific than 出る, as it implies going out specifically for a purpose, such as shopping, dining or visiting someone.

to leave, to go out, to exit
deru
to encounter; to meet (by chance)
deau
exit
ぐちdeguti
to be made; to be built
dekiru

Often written using hiragana only

sword
かたなkatana
to be understood; to understand; to be known
かるwakaru
to divide; to share (by dividing)
けるwakeru
ticket
きっkippu
postage stamp
きっkitte
to disconnect; to hang up (the phone); to turn off (an appliance)
kiru

is not used for turning off lights. For lights, use instead.

to cut
kiru
to run out
れるkireru
train
れっしゃressya
beginning; start; first; initial
はじhazime
for the first time; the first time
はじめてhazimete
separate, individual
べつべつbetubetu
arrival
とうちゃくtoutyaku
to arrive formal
とうちゃくするtoutyakusuru
front; before
まえmae
power, strength
ちからtikara
study
べんきょうbenkyou
to study
べんきょうするbenkyousuru
animal
どうぶつdoubutu
to move; to run used for a machine
うごugoku
to work for; to be employed at; to serve
つとめるtutomeru
smell; scent; odor
におnioi
chemistry
がくkagaku
north
きたkita
medical doctor
しゃisya
day ten; ten days
とおtooka
ten
じゅうzyuu
November
じゅう いちがつzyuu itigatu
December
じゅう がつzyuu nigatu
day seventeen; seventeen days
じゅうしちにちzyuusitiniti
hundred thousand
じゅうまんzyuuman
day fourteen; fourteen days
じゅうよっzyuuyokka
October
じゅうがつzyuugatu
thousand
せんsen
a.m.
ぜんgozen
afternoon; p.m.
gogo
half
はんhan
half
はんぶんhanbun
graduation
そつぎょうsotugyou
to graduate
そつぎょうするsotugyousuru
south
みなみminami
dangerous
あぶないabunai
Watch out!
あぶない!abunai!
egg
たまごtamago
thick; generous; deep
あつatui
cause; reason
げんいんgenin
last year
きょねんkyonen
participation
さんsanka
to participate, to take part in
さんするsankasuru
friend
ともだちtomodati
friend
ともだちtomodati

alternative spelling

friend
ゆうじんyuuzin
to take
toru
to come off, to be removed
れるtoreru
to receive; to undergo; to take
けるukeru
mouth
くちkuti
old
ふるhurui
cute
わいkawaii
kitchen
だいどころdaidokoro
typhoon
たいふうtaihuu
right
みぎmigi
to turn right
みぎ に がるmigi ni magaru
passing an exam or test
ごうかくgoukaku
to pass an exam or test
ごうかくするgoukakusuru
same
おなonazi
Nagoya
nagoya
other side; over there, beyond
こうmukou
to smoke
suu
to blow; to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument)
huku
around
まわりmawari
flavor; taste
あじazi
to tasteintransitive
あじ が するazi ga suru
to tastetransitive
あじ を azi wo miru
to call; to invite; to summon
yobu
to bloom; to blossom
saku
problem; question; issue
もんだいmondai
café; coffee shop; tearoom
きってんkissaten
to bite; to chew
kamu
fours
si
April
がつsigatu
day four; four days
よっyokka
forty thousand
よんまんyonman
40
よんじゅうyonzyuu
4,000
よんせんyonsen
400
よんひゃくyonhyaku
four (objects)
よっyottu
four
よんyon
to be troubled; to have difficulty
こまkomaru
library
しょかんtosyokan
country
くにkuni
Saturday
ようdoyoubi
basement; underground
tika
subway
てつtikatetu
map
tizu
geography
tiri
hometown (area); local (area)
もとzimoto
earthquake
しんzisin
place; location; spot
しょbasyo
to paint; to plaster; to spread; to apply
nuru
salt
しおsio
trash; garbage; rubbish
ごみgomi

Usually written using katakana.

wall
かべkabe
voice
こえkoe
to sell
uru
strange
へんhen
to change intransitive
かわkawaru
to change transitive
えるkaeru
summer
なつnatu
summer vacation
なつやすnatuyasumi
evening; dusk
ゆうがたyuugata

Typically refers to the time period in the late afternoon to early evening, around sunset.

dinner; evening meal
ゆうはんyuuhan
dinner
ゆうしょくyuusyoku
foreign country
がいこくgaikoku
foreigner
がいこくじんgaikokuzin
foreign language
がいこくgaikokugo
to remove; to take off; to detach; to unfasten
はずhazusu
outside
そとsoto
many, numerous
おおooi
many; most
おおooku
probably, perhaps
ぶんtabun
night
よるyoru

よる represents the time from sunset to sunrise. よる thus includes the time while you're asleep, whereas ばん does not.

dinner
よるはんyorugohan
night sky
ぞらyozora
safe; alright, okay
だいじょうdaizyoubu
very popular
だいにんdaininki
loved; very likeable
だいdaisuki
hated
だいきらdaikirai
university
だいがくdaigaku
university student
だいがくせいdaigakusei
big, large
おおきいookii
size
おおきさookisa

おおきさ is more general than サイズ. For shoes, clothes and other items that come in standardized sizes, it's more common to hear サイズ.

a crowd; a large number of people; many
おおぜいoozei
adult
となotona
embassy
たい使かんtaisikan
very; greatly; terribly; extremely; awfully
たいへんtaihen
serious, terrible; difficult, hard, tough
たいへんtaihen
important; precious
たいせつtaisetu
ceiling
てんじょうtenzyou
weather
てんtenki
fat
ふとhutoi
to gain weight; to become fat
ふとhutoru
(your own) husband
おっとotto
rudeness, impoliteness
しつれいsiturei
Excuse me.
しつれいします。situreisimasu.
to be rude, to be impolite
しつれいするsitureisuru
(someone else's) wife
おくさんokusan
woman
おんなonna
woman
おんな の ひとonna no hito
girl
おんな の onna no ko
woman, girl
じょzyosi

The term 女子 in Japanese refers to a girl or young woman, but the specific age range it covers can vary depending on the context. Generally, 女子 is used to refer to females from early childhood up to their late twenties.

In schools, 女子学生 refers to female students of any age, from elementary through university. In sports and other activities, 女子 might be used to distinguish female participants, again without strict age limits.

However, in more formal or official contexts, 女子 might be more closely associated with younger females, particularly those in the schooling age range up to young adulthood.

queen
じょおうzyoou
to prefer; to be fond of
このkonomu
liked; likeable; loved; lovable
suki
younger sister
いもうと(さん)imouto(san)
(your own) wife
つまtuma
older sister plain
あねane
to begin, to start intransitive
はじまるhazimaru
to begin (something)
はじめるhazimeru
daughter
むすめmusume
unpleasant; disagreeablei
いや(な)iya(na)
disliked; hated
きらkirai
to hate, to detest
きらkirau
child
ko
children
どもたちkodomotati
puppy
いぬkoinu
kitten
ねこkoneko
child
どもkodomo
character; letter
zi
dictionary
zibiki
student
がくせいgakusei
school
がっこうgakkou
school library
がっこうしょかんgakkoutosyokan
to learn; to study
まなmanabu

Studying or learning broadly, often through self-study or academic pursuit.

safe
あんぜんanzen
peace of mind; relief
あんしんansin
to feel relieved
あんしんするansinsuru
cheap
やすyasui
restful, peaceful
やすらかyasuraka
house; home
いえie
household, family, home
ていkatei
family
ぞくkazoku
family photo
ぞくしゃしんkazokusyasin
family trip
ぞくりょこうkazokuryokou
(your own) wife
ないkanai

This term is more old-fashioned and formal, and it's often used by older men when referring to their own wives, particularly in formal or public settings. It carries a more humble and traditional connotation.

Note how the kanji in this word correspond to traditional gender roles. Therefore, younger people tend to prefer using the word つま.

homework
宿しゅくだいsyukudai
coldweather
さむsamui
to sleep; to lie down; to go to bed
neru
sushi
寿susi
sushi restaurant
寿susiya
envelope
ふうとうhuutou
future
しょうらいsyourai
hut; cabin; shed
koya
light rain
さめkosame
elementary school
しょうがっこうsyougakkou
small
ちいさいtiisai
a few; a little; scarce; insufficient
すくないsukunai
a few; a little, a bit
すこsukosi

すこ is a bit more formal than ちょっと.

just a little
すこし だけsukosi dake
to wear; to put on (something on feet or legs)
haku
mountain
やまyama
Yamashitaname
やましたyamasita
Yamada surname
やまyamada
goat
yagi
island
しまsima
island nation
しまぐにsimaguni
river
かわkawa
left
ひだりhidari
to turn left
ひだり に がるhidari ni magaru
to give (humbly); to offer (humbly)
げるsasiageru
to hold up (an umbrella)
sasu
to shine
sasu
city
si

is a political term that designates a city as an administrative unit. It's equivalent to the English word city when used in the context of a municipality.

futon; traditional Japanese bedding
とんhuton

A とん is a traditional Japanese bedding consisting of a mattress and a duvet. It is designed to be placed directly on tatami flooring and can be easily folded and stored away during the day to save space.

to return
かえkaeru
hat
ぼうbousi
to (hang to) dry; to air
hosu
year counter
ねんnen
year; age
としtosi
to be old; to have aged
とし を って いるtosi wo totte iru
happy
しあわsiawase
happiness
しあわsiawase
wide; spacious
ひろhiroi
to spread; to stretchintransitive
ひろがるhirogaru
Hiroshima
ひろしまhirosima
floor
ゆかyuka
to sit
すわsuwaru
garden, yard
にわniwa
corridor; hallway
ろうrouka
building
たてものtatemono
to build; to construct
てるtateru
bow
ゆみyumi
drawer
hikidasi
to pull; to draw; to catch (a cold)
hiku
younger brother
おとうと(さん)otouto(san)
weak
よわyowai

Refers to the lack of physical strength, durability, or robustness. It can also describe a low level of ability, influence, or intensity in non-physical contexts, such as a weak argument or being weak against cold temperatures.

strong wind
きょうふうkyouhuu
strong; powerful
つよtuyoi
strongly
つよtuyoku
to play a string instrumente.g. guitar, piano
hiku
she
かのじょkanozyo
girlfriend
かのじょkanozyo
they; them (female only)
かのじょたちkanozyotati
he
かれkare
boyfriend
かれkare
they; them
かれkarera
to wait
matu
after; afterward
あとato
behind, back
うしusiro
heart; spirit, mind, soul
こころkokoro
necessary; necessity
ひつようhituyou
definitely; necessarily; invariably
かならkanarazu

かならexpresses a strong commitment or assurance that something will happen or is the case. It's often used to make promises or to express unwavering certainty.

to forget
わすれるwasureru
busy
いそがしいisogasii
scary, frightening
こわkowai
to recall, to remember
おもomoidasu
memories; recollections
おもomoide
to think; to believe
おもomou
to hurry
いそisogu
sudden; urgent
きゅうkyuu
something urgent; urgency
きゅうkyuu
suddenly; unexpectedly
きゅう にkyuu ni
breath
いきiki
to breathe
いき を するiki wo suru
son
むすmusuko
bad, evil
わるwarui
insult; slander, speaking ill
わるぐちwaruguti
meaning; sense; significance
imi
opinion; view
けんiken
love
あいai
war
せんそうsensou
Japanese style door
to
place
ところtokoro
hands
te
to obtain; to procure; to get
 に れるte ni ireru
to help
つだtetudau
handmade
ずくtezukuri
letter
がみtegami
to pay
はらharau
to push, to press
osu
to take/bring something with you
って motte kuru

Whether you say って or 持って depends on the perspective of the speaker. For movement away from the speaker, use . For movement towards the speaker, use .

to take/bring something with you
って motte iku
to carry; to hold; to take; to have
motu
to throw away; to discard
てるsuteru
to sweep; to brush; to clean
haku
cleaning; sweeping
そうsouzi
to clean; to sweep
そうするsouzisuru
class; lesson; instruction
じゅぎょうzyugyou
to put on; to wear
けるkakeru
to make a call
けるkakeru
to hang; to suspend
けるkakeru
portable; cellphone
けいたいkeitai
mobile phone
けいたいでんkeitaidenwa
to take a photo
toru
politics; government
せいseizi
politician
せいseizika
classroom
きょうしつkyousitu
to teach; to inform
おしえるosieru
walk, stroll
さんsanpo
to go for a walk; to stroll
さんするsanposuru
mathematics
すうがくsuugaku
culture
ぶんbunka
sentence
ぶんしょうbunsyou
food, cuisine
りょうryouri
to cook
りょうするryourisuru
cook
りょうにんryourinin
new
あたらしいatarasii
New Year
しんねんsinnen
Happy New Year!
しんねん おめでとう!sinnen omedetou!
newspaper
しんぶんsinbun
direction, way; side
ほうhou
had better; should
ほう が いいhou ga ii
person
かたkata
travel, traveling, trip, tour
りょこうryokou
to travel
りょこうするryokousuru
travel, trip, journey
たびtabi
sun
hi
day
hi
to get dark; to setthe sun
 が れるhi ga kureru
sunlight
にっこうnikkou
diary; journal
にっnikki
Sunday
にちようnitiyoubi
Japan
ほんnihon
Japanese (person)
ほんじんnihonzin
Japanese (language)
ほんnihongo
sake
ほんしゅnihonsyu
early; fast
はやhayai
early; fast
はやhayaku
bright; cheerful
あかるいakarui
the day after tomorrow
さっasatte
tomorrow
したasita
easy; plain; simple
やさしいyasasii
star
ほしhosi
movie
えいeiga
cinema
えいかんeigakan
spring, springtime
はるharu
yesterday
のうkinou
last night
さくsakuya

A more formal or literary term for last night compared to ゆう.

last night
ゆうyuube
noon; daytime
ひるhiru
lunch
ひるはんhirugohan
time
ときtoki
sometimes; at times
ときどきtokidoki
watch (time piece)
けいtokei
era; period; age
だいzidai
time
かんzikan
evening
ばんban
ばん represents the time from sunset to bedtime.
dinner
ばんはんbangohan

ばんはん is more commonly used than よるはん.

clear weather; sunny weather
hare
to clear up; to be sunny
れるhareru
spare time; day off; leisure
ひまhima
hotweather
あつatui
heat weather
あつatusa
warm
あたたかいatatakai

あたたかい is a mild and comfortable warmth, and can be used for weather, for object that make you physically warm such as clothes and blankets, and also for things that make you metaphorically warm such as a song.

dark; gloomy
くらkurai
to come to an end
れるkureru
cloudy weather; cloudiness
くもkumori
to get cloudy; to cloud up; to become gloomy
くもkumoru
day (of the week)
ようyoubi
piece of music; song; tune; music
きょくkyoku
to be curved; to be bent
がって いるmagatte iru
to bend; to turn
がるmagaru
to write
kaku
(official) document
しょるいsyorui
month of the year
がつgatu
Monday
げつようgetuyoubi
moon; month
つきtuki
famous
ゆうめいyuumei
clothes; outfit
ふくhuku
morning
あさasa
breakfast
あさはんasagohan
morning sun
あさasahi
breakfast
ちょうしょくtyousyoku
tree; wood
ki
trees
kigi
Thursday
もくようmokuyoubi
future
らいmirai
book
ほんhon
bookstore
ほんhonya
truth, right
ほんとうhontou
really, truly
ほんとう にhontou ni
bookshelf
ほんだなhondana
real thing
ほんものhonmono
desk
つくえtukue
village
むらmura
to come
kuru
next year
らいねんrainen
next month
らいげつraigetu
next week
らいしゅうraisyuu
east
ひがしhigasi
Tokyo
とうきょうtoukyou
Tokyo City
とうきょうtoukyousi
forestmanmade
はやしhayasi
counter for flat, thin objects
まいmai
fruit
くだものkudamono
cherry tree
さくらsakura
shelf
たなtana
forestnatural
もりmori
chair
isu
fun; enjoyable
たのしいtanosii
looking forward to; being excited about
たのしみtanosimi
exciting; much-anticipated
たのしみtanosimi
enjoyment; pleasure
たのしみtanosimi
to enjoy, to have a good time
たのしむtanosimu
side; beside; alongside
よこyoko
horizontal
よこyoko
horizontal writing
よこyokogaki
Yokohama
よこはまyokohama
bridge
はしhasi
next, following, coming
つぎtugi
singer
しゅkasyu
song
うたuta
to sing
うたutau
to come to a halt, to stopintransitive
まるtomaru
to stop ...
めるtomeru
to stop
yamu

is used when something stops on its own. It's often used for weather phenomena, such as rain or snow.

まる is a broader term that can be used for any sort of cessation of movement or action.

correct; right
ただしいtadasii
to walk
あるaruku
tooth
ha
death
si
to die
sinu
dead body; corpse
たいsitai
step; grade
だんdan
home country, homeland
こくbokoku
mother plain
ははhaha
Mother's Day
はは の haha no hi
maternal side
ははかたhahakata
mother
ははおやhahaoya
every ~
まいmai
every year
まいねんmainen
every year
まいとしmaitosi
every day
まいにちmainiti
every month
まいつきmaituki
every morning
まいあさmaiasa
every week
まいしゅうmaisyuu
every evening, every night
まいばんmaiban
mind, heart
ki
to take care; to be careful
 を けるki wo tukeru
feeling; mood
ぶんkibun
feeling
kimoti
(air) temperature; (atmospheric) temperature
おんkion
water
みずmizu
swimsuit, bathing suit
みずmizugi
light blue
みずいろmizuiro
Wednesday
すいようsuiyoubi
water buffalo
すいぎゅうsuigyuu
dirty
きたなkitanai
pond
いけike
to be decided
まるkimaru
to decide
めるkimeru
steam train
しゃkisya
many, much, a lot
たくさんtakusan

Alternative way to write たくさん

thief; burglar
どろぼうdorobou
order
ちゅうもんtyuumon
to order
ちゅうもんするtyuumonsuru
swimming
およoyogi
to swim
およoyogu
(Western-style) clothes
ようふくyouhuku
to wash
あらarau
laundry; washing
せんたくsentaku
to do laundry; to wash clothes
せんたくするsentakusuru
laundry; things to wash
せんたくものsentakumono
to take (a bath or shower); to bask (in the sunlight)
びるabiru
overseas, abroad, foreign
かいがいkaigai
overseas trip; travel abroad
かいがいりょこうkaigairyokou
to travel abroad
かいがいりょこう を するkaigairyokou wo suru
sea, ocean
うみumi
to erase; to extinguish; to turn off, to switch off
kesu
to disappear; to vanish; to go out; to be extinguished
えるkieru
refreshing; cool
すずしいsuzusii
to hand over; to pass
わたwatasu
to cross over
わたwataru
(pleasantly) warm (object, food, emotion)
あたたかいatatakai
lukewarm
ぬるnurui
temperature
おんondo
lake
みずうみmizuumi
Chinese character
かんkanzi
fire
hi
to light; to ignite
 を つけるhi wo tukeru
(unintended and destructive) fire
kazi

volcano
ざんkazan
Tuesday
ようkayoubi
ash; ashes
はいhai
ashtray
はいざらhaizara
gray
はいいろhaiiro
free (of charge)
りょうmuryou
to lose something
くすnakusu
hotthing
あつatui
heat
ねつnetu
father plain
ちちtiti
Father's Day
ちち の titi no hi
paternal side
ちちかたtitikata
father
ちちおやtitioya
(cow's) milk
ぎゅうにゅうgyuunyuu
beef
ぎゅうにくgyuuniku
cow
うしusi
(concrete) thing
ものmono
tale, story
ものがたりmonogatari
special; extraordinary
とくべつtokubetu
dog
いぬinu
situation
じょうきょうzyoukyou
narrow; small
せまsemai
cat
ねこneko
entrance
げんかんgenkan
ball
たまtama
onion
たまねぎtamanegi
king
おうou
bottle; jar
びんbin
sweet
あまamai
to take lightly; to underestimate
あまく amaku miru
raw; fresh
なまnama
draft beer
なま ビールnama biiru
student; pupil
せいseito
to be born
まれるumareru
countryside; (rural area)
なかinaka
Tanaka surname
なかtanaka
to say (humbly); to offer (words) (humbly)
もうげるmousiageru
man
おとこotoko
boy
おとこ の otoko no ko
town
まちmati
painter
gaka
international student; foreign exchange student
りゅうがくせいryuugakusei
number
ばんごうbangou
to be tired
つかれて いるtukarete iru
to tire
つかれるtukareru
sickness, illness, disease
びょうbyouki
hospital
びょういんbyouin
painful, sore
いたitai
to hurt, to ache
いたitamu
to hurt; to injure; to straintransitive
いためるitameru
announcement; presentation; publication
はっぴょうhappyou
to announce; to present; to publish
はっぴょうするhappyousuru
to climb
のぼnoboru
whitenoun
しろsiro
whiteadjective
しろsiroi
black and white
しろくろsirokuro
100
ひゃくhyaku
million
ひゃくまんhyakuman
everyone; everybody
みんなminna

Often written using hiragana instead of kanji.

Can also refer to things instead of people, but ぜん is more common in that case.

skin; peel; bark
かわkawa
washing-up, dish-washing
さらあらsaraarai
to steal
ぬすnusumu
eye
me
immediately; right away
ぐ にsugu ni
glasses
がねmegane
to wearon upper body
kiru
traditional Japanese dress
ものkimono
to arrive, to reach
tuku
to know
siru
short (in length)
みじかmizikai
soap
せっけんsekken
sugar
とうsatou
sand
すなsuna
sure, certain; reliable
たしtasika
surely; certainly; indeed
たしか にtasika ni

Where きっと expresses a strong belief or confidence that something will happen or is the case, たしか に often additionally implies that the speaker has evidence or reasoning to support the certainty, or has personally verified the fact.

to polish; to grind; to brush (teeth)
みがmigaku
company president; manager; director
しゃちょうsyatyou

The しゃちょう is the highest-ranking executive in a company. The しゃちょう is responsible for the overall management and direction of the company. This role is equivalent to the President or CEO in Western companies.

grandmother
sobo

is a formal alternative for grandmother. You might encounter this word in written contexts or official documents. In most contexts it's advised to use ばあさん instead, as it sounds more friendly and respectful.

grandfather
sohu

is a formal alternative for grandfather. You might encounter this word in written contexts or official documents. In most contexts it's advised to use じいさんさん instead, as it sounds more friendly and respectful.

I
わたしwatasi
we
わたしたちwatasitati
autumn, fall
あきaki
type, kind
しゅるいsyurui
karate
からkarate
air
くうkuuki
sky; air
そらsora
to get empty
suku
window
まどmado
(service) counter
まどぐちmadoguti
by the window
まどmadobe
splendid; magnificent; fine; admirable
りっrippa
to start up, to boot up; to launch
げるtatiageru
to stand; to stand up
tatu
answer
こたkotae
to answer, to reply
こたえるkotaeru
box
はこhako
chopsticks
はしhasi
easy, simple
かんたんkantan
riceuncooked
こめkome
United States
べいこくbeikoku
thread
いとito
black tea
こうちゃkoutya
paper
かみkami
thin, slender, slim; narrow
ほそhosoi

Primarily used to describe the thinness in diameter or width of something long and narrow, like a thread, hair, or a road. It can also describe slender physical features.

to finish (something), to end (something)
えるoeru
end
わりowari
to finish; to endintransitive
わるowaru
experience
けいけんkeiken
to experience
けいけんするkeikensuru
marriage
けっこんkekkon
to marry
けっこんするkekkonsuru
splendid; nice; sufficient; no thank you; that's fine
けっこうkekkou
picture; drawing; painting; sketch
e
painting
かいkaiga
green
みどりmidori
practice; training
れんしゅうrensyuu
to practice; to train
れんしゅうするrensyuusuru
vertical; lengthwise
たてtate
vertical writing
たてtategaki
to put, to place; to leave
oku
sheep
ひつじhituzi
beautiful woman
じんbizin
delicious
しいoisii

Alternative way to write おいしい

beautiful
うつくしいutukusii
learn
ならnarau

Learning through practice and repetition, often with a teacher or in a formal setting.

to think about; to ponder; to consider
かんがえるkangaeru
ear
みみmimi
to listen; to hear
kiku
to ask
kiku
to be audible; to be able to hear
こえるkikoeru
meat
にくniku
stature; height
se
to be short
 が ひくse ga hikui
to be tall
 が たかse ga takai
back (of the body)
なかsenaka
business suit
びろsebiro
to take off; to remove clothing
nugu
oneself
ぶんzibun
by himself; by herself
ぶん でzibun de
car; automobile
どうしゃzidousya
bicycle
てんしゃzitensya
to dance; to flutter
mau

舞う primarily means to flutter, to swirl, or to dance in a graceful, often floating manner.

It conveys a sense of elegance, lightness, and sometimes a more traditional or poetic quality. It is frequently used in the context of nature, such as leaves fluttering in the wind, snowflakes falling gently, or birds dancing in the air.

When referring to human dancing, 舞う often implies a more traditional or ritualistic dance, such as those found in classical Japanese arts like Noh or Kabuki.

good
ii

alternative spelling

color
いろiro
various
いろいろiroiro

Alternative spelling of いろいろ.

flower
はなhana
flowers
はなばなhanabana
fireworks
はなhanabi
vase
びんkabin
young
わかwakai
bitter
にがnigai
English (language)
えいeigo
United Kingdom; England
えいこくeikoku
tea bowl; rice bowl
ちゃわんtyawan
brown
ちゃいろtyairo
brown
ちゃいろtyairoi
grass
くさkusa
patch of (typically long and dense) grass
くさむらkusamura
herbivore
そうしょくsousyoku
baggage, luggage
もつnimotu
package
もつnimotu
to fall; to drop
ちるotiru
to fail (for example an exam)
ちるotiru
leaf
ha
postcard
がきhagaki
thin; light; weak
うすusui

Used to describe the physical thinness of something flat (like paper or cloth), the lightness of color or taste, or the diluteness of a liquid. It can also imply something is superficial or not profound.

medicine
くすりkusuri
insect
むしmusi
blood
ti
to go
iku
to praise; to compliment
めるhomeru
west
西にしnisi
watermelon
西すいsuika
to need; to want
iru
to go to see; to visit
 に mi ni iku
to be visible; to be able to see
えるmieru
to show; to display
せるmiseru
to find; to discover
つけるmitukeru
to see; to look at; to watch
miru
rule; regulation
そくkisoku
to remember; to memorize
おぼえるoboeru
parent(s)
おやoya
close friend; best friend
しんゆうsinyuu
kind; kindness
しんせつsinsetu
corner
かどkado
to touch; to feel
さわsawaru
language
げんgengo
to say
iu
word; language
ことkotoba
plan
けいかくkeikaku

けいかく refers to a plan, project, or scheme that involves detailed planning and preparation. It often implies a more structured and strategic approach.

to visit
たずねるtazuneru
exam; test
けんsiken
boring
まらないtumaranai

Usually written using only hiragana.

story; talk
はなしhanasi
to speak
はなhanasu
Happy birthday!
たんじょう おめでとう!tanzyoubi omedetou!
reading
どくしょdokusyo
to read
yomu
who
だれdare
no one; nobody
だれ もdare mo
someone; somebody
だれdareka
section chief
ちょうkatyou

The ちょう is responsible for managing a specific section or team within a department. This role involves overseeing the daily operations of the team, guiding staff, and ensuring that the team's objectives align with the department’s overall strategy.

police officer
けいかんkeikan
bean; pea; legume
まめmame
bean soup
まめ の スープmame no suupu
pig
ぶたbuta
pork
ぶたにくbutaniku
shellfish; shell
かいkai
wallet
さいsaihu
to get; to receive; to take; to have (as in taking)
もらmorau

Usually written without kanji.

shopping
ものkaimono
to buy
kau
to lend
kasu
to paste; to stick; to affix
haru
lively, bustling
にぎやかnigiyaka
question
しつもんsitumon
to ask a question
しつもんするsitumonsuru
red
あかaka
red
あかakai
baby, infant
あかちゃんakatyan
to run
はしhasiru
to get up; to wake up
きるokiru
to wake someone up
こすokosu
to cause
こすokosu
to occur; to happen
こるokoru
hobby
しゅsyumi
foot; leg
あしasi
to be sufficient, to be enough
りるtariru
dance; dancing
おどodori
to dance
おどodoru
car
くるまkuruma
light, (not heavy)
かるkarui
spicy; painful; harsh; hard
からkarai
to stop (an activity); to give up; to quit
めるyameru

Alternative spelling of やめる

dictionary
しょzisyo
area
へんhen
near
ちかtikai
neighborhood, vicinity
ちかtikaku
to return (something); to give back
かえkaesu
to send
おくokuru
to escort; to see off
おくokuru
to commute, to go (somewhere regularly)
かよkayou
street; avenue
とおtoori
fast
はやhayai

While both はや and はや can mean fast, when referring purely to speed and not also implying earliness, it's more common to use はや.

fast
はやhayaku
speed
はやhayasa
week
しゅうsyuu
weekend
しゅうまつsyuumatu
to be late; to be delayed; to be overdue
おくれるokureru
late; slow
おそosoi
late
おそosoku
to play (a game)
あそasobu
game; playing
あそasobi
to carry; to transport
はこhakobu
exercise; movement
うんどうundou
to exercise; to move
うんどうするundousuru
driving; operation (of a machine)
うんてんunten
to drive; to operate (a machine)
うんてんするuntensuru
to exceed; to pass
ぎるsugiru
road, street, way
みちmiti
to ask for directions
みち を miti wo kiku
difference
ちがtigai
to differ; to be wrong
ちがtigau
far, distant
とおtooi
far; distant; far away
とおtooku
obstacle; hindrance
じゃzyama
to disturb; to interrupt
じゃするzyamasuru
department manager
ちょうbutyou

A ちょう is responsible for overseeing an entire department within the company. This position typically involves managing multiple sections or teams within the department and making strategic decisions that align with the company’s broader goals.

A ちょう ranks above a ちょう.

room
heya
mail; postal service
ゆう便びんyuubin
post office
ゆう便びんきょくyuubinkyoku
capital
みやこmiyako
city; (urban area)
かいtokai
city
tosi

is more generic than and refers to the concept of a city as a populated and developed area. It doesn't necessarily imply a political or administrative boundary like does. The term is more comparable to the English use of urban area or metropolis.

city center
しんtosin
soy sauce
しょうsyouyu
village; hometown
さとsato
heavy
おもomoi
important; significant
じゅうようzyuuyou
vegetable
さいyasai
gold
きんkin
Friday
きんようkinyoubi
iron
てつtetu
pencil
えんぴつenpitu
silver
ぎんgin
bank
ぎんこうginkou
key
かぎkagi
long
ながnagai
length
ながnagasa
gate
もんmon
to closeintransitive
まるsimaru
to closetransitive
めるsimeru
to openintransitive
aku
to opentransitive
けるakeru
start, beginning
かいkaisi
to start, to begin
かいするkaisisuru
between
あいだaida
period (of time)
あいだaida
to be in time (for); to catch (e.g. a train)
maniau
to be involved in; to affect; to concern
かかわるkakawaru
to fall (from the sky)
huru
to get off; to disembark; to dismount
りるoriru
stairs
かいだんkaidan
next to
となりtonari
to gather; to come together; to assemble
あつまるatumaru
to gather (something); to collect (something); to assemble (something)
あつめるatumeru
magazine
ざっzassi
difficult; hard
むずかしいmuzukasii
rain
あめame
snow
ゆきyuki
cloud
くもkumo
zero
れいrei
thunder; thunderbolt
かみなりkaminari
electricity; electric light
でんdenki
battery
でんdenti
telephone
でんdenwa
to call, to telephone
でんするdenwasuru
phone number
でんばんごうdenwabangou
electric train
でんしゃdensya
blue
あおao
bluealso green for traffic lights
あおaoi
quiet
しずsizuka
interesting; amusing
おもしろomosiroi
shoes
くつkutu
sock
くつしたkutusita
bag
かばんkaban

This is a general term for a bag, often referring to various kinds of handbags, school bags, or briefcases. It is more traditional and may be used more commonly in daily conversations than バッグ.

music
おんがくongaku
sound
おとoto
Bon appétit. (Thank you for the meal)
いただきます。itadakimasu.
Literally: I humbly receive
to receive (humbly)
いただitadaku
approximate time (but still pretty specific)
ごろgoro
approximate time (but not in a very narrow window of time)
ころkoro
head
あたまatama
intelligent, smart
あたま が いいatama ga ii
headache
つうzutuu
to have a headache
つう が するzutuu ga suru
to ask for ...; to order
たのtanomu
face
かおkao
wind
かぜkaze
cold; flu
kaze
to catch a cold
 を kaze wo hiku
airplane
こうhikouki
to fly
tobu
meal
しょくsyokuzi
dining hall; cafeteria
しょくどうsyokudou
to eat
べるtaberu
food
ものtabemono
drink, beverage
ものnomimono
to drink
nomu
(hard) candy
あめame
neck
くびkubi
horse
うまuma
feast
そうtisou
station
えきeki
high school
こうこうkoukou
expensive; high, tall
たかtakai
to rise; to increase
たかまるtakamaru
fish
さかなsakana
bird
とりtori
to chirp; to cry; to sing; to meow; to bark; (animal making sound)
naku
to sound; to ring
naru
chicken
にわとりniwatori
chicken (meat)
とりにくtoriniku
deer
鹿しかsika

Also written using katakana.

yellow
いろkiiro
yellow
いろkiiroi
black
くろkuro
black
くろkuroi
nose
はなhana