……
Usages of de
トラフィック で 遅れた。torafikku de okureta.
I was late because of traffic.
ミーティング で 遅く なった。miithingu de osoku natta.
I was late due to a meeting.
Literally: (I) became late due to a meeting.
暑さ で 頭痛 が した。atusa de zutuu ga sita.
I had a headache because of the heat.
音楽 で リラックスした。ongaku de rirakkususita.
I relaxed because of the music.
交通状況 で 予定 が 変わった。koutuuzyoukyou de yotei ga kawatta.
The plan changed due to the traffic situation.
日本 で、 家 の 中 で 靴 を 履いちゃ いけない。nihon de, ie no naka de kutu wo haitya ikenai.
In Japan, wearing shoes inside the house is not allowed.
雪 で 学校 が 閉まった。yuki de gakkou ga simatta.
The school was closed because of the snow.
祖母 は ガン で 亡くなった。sobo ha gan de nakunatta.
My grandmother died of cancer.
注文 が 多くて、 店 は 忙しい です。tyuumon ga ookute, mise ha isogasii desu.
There are a lot of orders, so the store is busy.
フェンス が 強風 で 曲がって いる。fensu ga kyouhuu de magatte iru.
The fence is bent due to the strong wind.
強風 で 帽子 が 飛んだ。kyouhuu de bousi ga tonda.
My hat flew off in the strong wind.
キャンドル の 火 が 風 で 消えた。kyandoru no hi ga kaze de kieta.
The candle flame was extinguished by the wind.
彼 は 交通事故 で 入院しました。kare ha koutuuziko de nyuuinsimasita.
He was hospitalized due to a traffic accident.
急な 病気 で 入院しました。kyuuna byouki de nyuuinsimasita.
I was hospitalized due to a sudden illness.
この 場所 は 駅 から 遠くて 不便 です。kono basyo ha eki kara tookute huben desu.
This location is inconvenient because it's far from the station.
風邪 で、 学校 を 休みました。kaze de, gakkou wo yasumimasita.
I had a cold, so I stayed home from school.
部屋 が きれい で、 気持ち が いい です。heya ga kirei de, kimoti ga ii desu.
The room is clean, so it feels nice.
駅 が 近くて 便利 で、 ここ に 住むこと に しました。eki ga tikakute benri de, koko ni sumukoto ni simasita.
The station is close and convenient, so I decided to live here.
Test yourself: What does de mean?
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“How do verb conjugations work in Japanese?”
Japanese verbs conjugate based on tense, politeness, and mood. For example, the polite present form adds ‑ます to the verb stem, while the past tense uses ‑ました. Unlike English, Japanese verbs don't change based on the subject — the same form works for "I", "you", and "they".
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