……
Usages of de
トラフィック で 遅れた。torafikku de okureta.
I was late because of traffic.
ミーティング で 遅く なった。miitingu de osoku natta.
I was late due to a meeting.
Literally: (I) became late due to a meeting.
暑さ で 頭痛 が した。atsusa de zutsuu ga shita.
I had a headache because of the heat.
音楽 で リラックスした。ongaku de rirakkusushita.
I relaxed because of the music.
交通状況 で 予定 が 変わった。koutsuujoukyou de yotei ga kawatta.
The plan changed due to the traffic situation.
日本 で、 家 の 中 で 靴 を 履いちゃ いけない。nihon de, ie no naka de kutsu o haicha ikenai.
In Japan, wearing shoes inside the house is not allowed.
雪 で 学校 が 閉まった。yuki de gakkou ga shimatta.
The school was closed because of the snow.
祖母 は ガン で 亡くなった。sobo wa gan de nakunatta.
My grandmother died of cancer.
注文 が 多くて、 店 は 忙しい です。chuumon ga ookute, mise wa isogashii desu.
There are a lot of orders, so the store is busy.
フェンス が 強風 で 曲がって いる。fensu ga kyoufuu de magatte iru.
The fence is bent due to the strong wind.
強風 で 帽子 が 飛んだ。kyoufuu de boushi ga tonda.
My hat flew off in the strong wind.
キャンドル の 火 が 風 で 消えた。kyandoru no hi ga kaze de kieta.
The candle flame was extinguished by the wind.
彼 は 交通事故 で 入院しました。kare wa koutsuujiko de nyuuinshimashita.
He was hospitalized due to a traffic accident.
急な 病気 で 入院しました。kyuuna byouki de nyuuinshimashita.
I was hospitalized due to a sudden illness.
この 場所 は 駅 から 遠くて 不便 です。kono basho wa eki kara tookute fuben desu.
This location is inconvenient because it's far from the station.
風邪 で、 学校 を 休みました。kaze de, gakkou o yasumimashita.
I had a cold, so I stayed home from school.
部屋 が きれい で、 気持ち が いい です。heya ga kirei de, kimochi ga ii desu.
The room is clean, so it feels nice.
駅 が 近くて 便利 で、 ここ に 住むこと に しました。eki ga chikakute benri de, koko ni sumukoto ni shimashita.
The station is close and convenient, so I decided to live here.
Test yourself: What does de mean?
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“How do verb conjugations work in Japanese?”
Japanese verbs conjugate based on tense, politeness, and mood. For example, the polite present form adds ‑ます to the verb stem, while the past tense uses ‑ました. Unlike English, Japanese verbs don't change based on the subject — the same form works for "I", "you", and "they".
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