Hardcore Latin - Lesson 45

Question	Answer
rising	oriens
The rising sun shines through the window into the bedroom.	Sol oriens per fenestram in cubiculum lucet.
the female general	dux femina
the camp	castra
to go out	procedere
When the sun rises, the soldiers go out from the camp.	Cum sol oritur, milites e castris procedunt.
the legion	legio
the signal	signum
At sunrise, a female general goes out from the camp and gives the signal to the legion.	Sole oriente, dux femina e castris procedit et legioni signum dat.
the rampart	vallum
the ditch	fossa
to fortify	munire
the general	dux
the tower	turris
The soldiers fortify the rampart and the ditch around the camp, while the general stands in the tower.	Milites vallum et fossam circum castra muniunt, dum dux in turri stat.
attacking	oppugnans
to retreat	recedere
While the enemies are attacking, the legion does not retreat, but defends the towers and the rampart.	Hostibus oppugnantibus, legio non recedit, sed turres et vallum defendit.
the female soldier	miles
A certain female soldier keeps watch before the city gate, while the others sleep.	Quaedam miles ante portam urbis vigilat, dum ceteri dormiunt.
the bow	arcus
the arrow	sagitta
the others	alii
Lucia and Marcus recite verses; the others are silent.	Lucia et Marcus versus recitant; alii tacent.
the spear	hasta
to equip	instruere
The general equips the soldiers with spears.	Dux milites hastis instruit.
A certain female soldier holds a bow and prepares arrows, but the others equip themselves with spears.	Quaedam miles arcum tenet et sagittas parat, alii autem se hastis instruunt.
heavier	gravior
This spear is heavier than that one, but the soldier holds it well.	Haec hasta gravior est quam illa, sed miles eam bene tenet.
the weapon	telum
An arrow flies from the bow, but the girl says that she thinks a spear is heavier than a light weapon.	Sagitta e arcu volat, sed puella dicit se hastam graviorem esse putare quam telum leve.
The teacher explains that not only a spear but also an arrow can be called a weapon.	Magistra explicat non solum hastam, sed etiam sagittam telum vocari posse.
the watch	vigilia
At the first watch the soldiers fortify the rampart again and remove water from the ditch.	Prima vigilia milites vallum iterum muniunt et aquam e fossa tollunt.
the victory	victoria
the defeat	clades
After a long war, victory was pleasing to the citizens, but the defeat of the enemies frightened even the boys.	Post longum bellum victoria civibus grata fuit, sed clades hostium etiam pueros terruit.
the retreat	fuga
Mother says that victory without pride is better, because after a defeat a long retreat often follows.	Mater dicit victoriam sine superbia meliorem esse, quia post cladem saepe longa fuga sequitur.
to scout	explorare
When the enemies’ retreat was beginning, the soldiers were carefully scouting the fields and roads.	Cum fuga hostium inciperet, milites agros et vias diligenter explorabant.
those who	qui
Those who read books learn more easily.	Qui libros legunt, facilius discunt.
to advance	procedere
Before the legion advances, the general sends a few soldiers to scout the enemy.	Antequam legio procedat, dux paucos milites ad hostes explorandos mittit.
The general warns the attacking soldiers not to advance without order.	Dux milites oppugnantes monet ne sine ordine procedant.
The general gives the signal, and the soldiers advance from the camp.	Dux signum dat, et milites ex castris procedunt.
The female general warns the soldiers not to advance without order.	Dux femina milites monet ne sine ordine procedant.
prudently	prudenter
The teacher prudently warns the students not to write too quickly.	Magistra prudenter discipulos monet ne nimis celeriter scribant.
Those who advance too quickly often lose order; those who retreat prudently have less danger.	Qui nimis celeriter procedunt saepe ordinem amittunt; qui prudenter recedunt minus periculi habent.
the column	agmen
to draw	pingere
The teacher draws a picture of a ship on the board so that the students may understand the prow and the stern.	Magistra imaginem navis in tabula pingit, ut discipuli proram et puppim intellegant.
to arrange	instruere
The maid arranges the clothes in the cupboard.	Serva vestimenta in armario instruit.
The teacher draws a long column on the board and tells how a general arranges the soldiers before war.	Magistra in tabula agmen longum pingit et dicit quomodo dux milites ante bellum instruat.
the power	imperium
Power cannot remain firm without justice.	Imperium sine iustitia firmum manere non potest.
to take	suscipere
When thunder is heard, mother takes up the crying baby.	Cum tonitrus auditur, mater infantem flentem suscipit.
The queen says that she takes power not out of desire, but for the sake of peace.	Regina dicit se imperium non cupiditate, sed pacis causa suscipere.
the rule	imperium
Father says that good rule ought to love justice more than praise.	Pater dicit bonum imperium iustitiam plus amare debere quam laudem.
the garrison	praesidium
A small garrison remains at the gate of the city, so that enemies may not enter suddenly at night.	In porta urbis parvum praesidium manet, ne hostes nocte subito intrent.
If the garrison is prepared, no weapon of the enemies will easily break the gates.	Si praesidium paratum est, nullum telum hostium facile portas franget.
in the afternoon	post meridiem
In the afternoon mother sits in the garden and reads a book.	Post meridiem mater in horto sedet et librum legit.
In the afternoon another column comes down from the mountain and advances to the river.	Post meridiem alterum agmen e monte descendit et ad flumen procedit.
We do not know whether this column is returning to the camp or hurrying to the city.	Nescimus utrum hoc agmen ad castra redeat an ad urbem festinet.
working	laborans
Mother praises the maid working in the kitchen.	Mater servam laborantem in culina laudat.
stronger	firmior
This door is stronger than that one.	Haec ianua firmior est quam illa.
While the soldiers are working, the craftsman fortifies a new tower and makes the gate stronger.	Militibus laborantibus, faber turrim novam munit et portam firmiorem facit.
to attack	oppugnare
The enemies attack the city gate, but the soldiers defend it.	Hostes portam urbis oppugnant, sed milites eam defendunt.
together	una
The teacher and the female student sit together in the library.	Magistra et discipula una in bibliotheca sedent.
If the enemies attack again, citizens and soldiers will defend the city together.	Si hostes iterum oppugnabunt, cives et milites una urbem defendent.
to be born	nasci
A healthy baby was born tonight.	Hac nocte infans sanus natus est.
This story pleases the students, because it shows that victory is often born from patience and good advice.	Haec fabula discipulis placet, quia ostendit victoriam saepe ex patientia et bono consilio nasci.
those	iis
The teacher gives books to those who are silent in the library.	Magistra iis libros dat, qui in bibliotheca tacent.
the sorrow	dolor
Although the sorrow is great, hope nevertheless remains.	Quamvis dolor magnus sit, spes tamen manet.
But the teacher warns that the defeat of one people can be a sorrow even to those who have won.	Sed magistra monet cladem unius populi etiam iis qui vicerunt dolori esse posse.
setting	occidens
The setting sun shines through the window into the bedroom.	Sol occidens per fenestram in cubiculum lucet.
As the sun is now setting, the general returns to the camp and praises the soldiers.	Dux, sole iam occidente, ad castra redit et milites laudat.
calm	tranquillus
The sea is calm, and the sailor leaves the harbor.	Mare tranquillum est, et nauta e portu exit.
the rest	ceteri
Mother and father are here, but the rest are still absent.	Mater et pater adsunt, sed ceteri adhuc absunt.
On a calm night, during the third watch, a few still remain in the tower, but the rest sleep.	Nocte tranquilla tertia vigilia pauci adhuc in turri manent, ceteri autem dormiunt.
the flight	fuga
Although the enemy’s flight is already beginning, the general warns the soldiers not to advance without order.	Quamquam fuga hostium iam incipit, dux milites monet ne sine ordine procedant.
the protection	praesidium
The timid boy runs to his mother, because he finds protection with her.	Puer timidus ad matrem currit, quia apud eam praesidium invenit.
Grandmother used to say that, when enemies had been seen far away, she never thought immediate flight was good, but always sought protection and peace.	Avia dicebat se, hostibus procul visis, numquam fugam statim bonam putare, sed semper praesidium et pacem quaerere.
wise	prudens
The wise student tells the truth openly.	Discipulus prudens veritatem aperte dicit.
The teacher adds that a wise general knows not only how to advance, but also how to retreat when it is necessary.	Magistra addit prudentem ducem non solum procedere scire, sed etiam recedere, cum necesse sit.
the watchfulness	vigilia
Good watchfulness preserves the safety of the city.	Vigilia bona salutem urbis servat.
brave	firmus
the power	vis
The power of truth conquers a lie.	Vis veritatis mendacium vincit.
Thus the students learn that order, watchfulness, and brave spirits have great power both in war and in peace.	Sic discipuli discunt ordinem, vigilias, et animos firmos et in bello et in pace magnam vim habere.
Lucia writes in her notebook that a good general seeks victory without anger.	Lucia in commentario suo scribit bonum ducem victoriam sine ira quaerere.
it	ei
Mother puts the fragile vessel on the table and adds warm water to it.	Mater vas fragile in mensa ponit et ei aquam calidam addit.
If the rule is just, the citizens support it.	Si imperium iustum est, cives ei favent.

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