Hardcore Latin - Lesson 60

Question	Answer
the case	casus
the nominative	nominativus
The teacher says that the nominative is often placed at the beginning of the sentence.	Magistra dicit nominativum saepe in initio sententiae poni.
the accusative	accusativus
the dative	dativus
the ablative	ablativus
Today the teacher says that the four cases of this lesson are the nominative, accusative, dative, and ablative.	Hodie magistra dicit quattuor casus huius lectionis esse nominativum, accusativum, dativum, et ablativum.
In the sentence “The girl calls the dog,” the word “girl” is in the nominative case, but “dog” is in the accusative case.	In sententia “Puella canem vocat” nomen “puella” in casu nominativo est, “canem” autem in casu accusativo.
the noun	nomen
In the words “mother gives a book to the daughter,” “to the daughter” is dative, and in the sentence “I walk with a friend,” the word “friend” is in the ablative.	In verbis “mater filiae librum dat” “filiae” dativus est, et in sententia “cum amica ambulo” nomen “amica” in ablativo est.
genitive	genetivus
the possession	possessio
The teacher says: “The genitive case shows possession.”	Magistra dicit: “Casus genetivus possessionem ostendit.”
The teacher adds that in the words “the sister’s book,” the word “sister’s” is genitive, because it shows possession.	Magistra addit in verbis “liber sororis” nomen “sororis” genetivum esse, quia possessionem ostendit.
“The word ‘puella’ is feminine, ‘puer’ is masculine, but ‘verbum’ is neuter,” says the teacher.	“Nomen ‘puella’ femininum est, ‘puer’ masculinum, ‘verbum’ autem neutrum,” inquit magistra.
the syllable	syllaba
the accent	accentus
to draw	trahere
The servant slowly drags the heavy sack to the granary.	Servus saccum gravem lente ad horreum trahit.
to pronounce	pronuntiare
One long syllable often draws the accent, and the teacher warns the students to pronounce the words slowly.	Una syllaba longa saepe accentum trahit, et magistra discipulos monet ut verba lente pronuntient.
wrong	falsus
The teacher says that your answer is wrong.	Magistra dicit responsum tuum falsum esse.
Marcus pronounces badly, because he places the accent on the wrong syllable.	Marcus male pronuntiat, quia accentum in falsa syllaba ponit.
Lucia says that she can decline the word “mother” with more difficulty than the word “rose.”	Lucia dicit se nomen “mater” difficilius declinare quam nomen “rosa” posse.
the verb	verbum
to conjugate	coniugare
Then the teacher wants the students to conjugate the verbs “I love” and “I see” correctly.	Deinde magistra vult ut discipuli verba “amo” et “video” recte coniugent.
The brother admits that he cannot conjugate the verb “I am able” well, but that he is trying.	Frater fatetur se verbum “possum” bene coniugare non posse, sed conari.
the preposition	praepositio
as	ut
As father says, truth preserves friendship.	Ut pater dicit, veritas amicitiam servat.
“‘In’ is a preposition; sometimes it takes the accusative, sometimes the ablative, as you already know,” says the teacher.	“‘In’ praepositio est; interdum accusativum habet, interdum ablativum, ut iam scitis,” dicit magistra.
the adverb	adverbium
The teacher asks which adverb is in the sentence “the girl writes slowly,” and Lucia correctly answers “slowly.”	Magistra quaerit quod adverbium in sententia “puella lente scribit” sit, et Lucia recte respondet “lente.”
nor	nec
In the sentence “I am coming soon,” “soon” is also an adverb, not a noun nor a verb.	In sententia “mox venio” “mox” quoque adverbium est, non nomen nec verbum.
the infinitive	infinitivus
“To work” is an infinitive, just like “to read” and “to write,” says the teacher.	“Laborare” infinitivus est, sicut “legere” et “scribere,” inquit magistra.
The student asks why the infinitive is often placed after the words “I am able” and “I want.”	Discipula rogat cur infinitivus saepe post verba “possum” et “volo” ponatur.
the indicative	indicativus
the imperative	imperativus
“You come” is in the indicative, but “come!” is in the imperative.	“Venis” in indicativo est, sed “veni” in imperativo est.
the subjunctive	coniunctivus
the wish	votum
The girl's wish is that father return soon.	Votum puellae est ut pater mox redeat.
“If only father would come soon” is in the subjunctive, because it shows a wish.	“Utinam pater mox veniat” coniunctivus est, quia votum ostendit.
placed	positus
The book has been placed on the table.	Liber in mensa positus est.
When the teacher says “be silent,” the students understand that the verb has been placed in the subjunctive.	Cum magistra dicat “taceatis,” discipuli intellegunt verbum in coniunctivo positum esse.
whether ... or not	utrum ... necne
The teacher asks whether this word is in the imperative or not.	Magistra rogat utrum hoc verbum in imperativo sit necne.
the expression	locutio
correct	rectus
The teacher says that this expression is correct.	Magistra dicit hanc locutionem rectam esse.
The teacher asks whether the expression “under the table” is correct or not, and the students answer that it is correct.	Magistra rogat utrum locutio “sub mensa” recta sit necne, et discipuli respondent rectam esse.
The boy asks whether the preposition “with” always takes the ablative or not, and the teacher, laughing, says that it always takes the ablative.	Puer quaerit utrum praepositio “cum” ablativum semper habeat necne, et magistra ridens dicit eam semper ablativum habere.
some	quaedam
others	aliae
Some are silent in the forum, others shout.	Quaedam in foro tacent, aliae clamant.
both	utrumque
I like both.	Utrumque mihi placet.
the sense	sensus
The sense of this word is clearer to me now.	Sensus huius vocabuli mihi nunc clarior est.
After the lesson the girl tells her mother at home that today she learned why some prepositions take the accusative, others the ablative, some both, and why the same verb has a different sense in the indicative or in the subjunctive.	Post lectionem puella domi matri narrat se hodie didicisse cur quaedam praepositiones accusativum, aliae ablativum, quaedam utrumque accipiant, et cur idem verbum in indicativo aut in coniunctivo alium sensum habeat.
singular	singularis
The teacher says that this noun is in the singular number.	Magistra dicit hoc nomen in numero singulari esse.
plural	pluralis
The teacher asks whether this noun is in the singular or in the plural.	Magistra rogat utrum hoc nomen in numero singulari sit an in numero plurali.
indicative	indicativus
imperative	imperativus
The teacher says that this verb is imperative.	Magistra dicit hoc verbum imperativum esse.
Thus the students gradually learn not only to keep words in memory, but also to understand why one case rather than another, why singular rather than plural, and why the indicative rather than the imperative is used in each sentence.	Sic discipuli paulatim discunt non solum verba memoria tenere, sed etiam intellegere cur unus casus potius quam alius, cur singularis potius quam pluralis, et cur indicativus potius quam imperativus in unaquaque sententia ponatur.
neither	nec
Neither Lucia nor Marcus comes to school today.	Nec Lucia nec Marcus hodie ad scholam veniunt.
Neither grandmother nor mother drinks wine.	Nec avia nec mater vinum bibunt.
subjunctive	coniunctivus
The teacher asks why this verb has been placed in the subjunctive, not in the indicative.	Magistra rogat cur hoc verbum in coniunctivo, non in indicativo, positum sit.
The teacher shows that this verb is placed in the indicative, but that one in the subjunctive.	Magistra ostendit hoc verbum in indicativo positum esse, illud autem in coniunctivo.

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