Parlare (to speak / to talk) is the textbook model for the entire prima coniugazione — the -are class that contains roughly two-thirds of all Italian verbs. Every Italian grammar uses parlare as the reference paradigm because its stem parl- never changes shape, no spelling tweaks intrude, and every ending is the canonical -are ending. Internalise parlare and you have internalised the conjugation skeleton of lavorare, studiare, abitare, comprare, amare, aspettare, guardare, ascoltare, arrivare — and several thousand more.
Parlare descends from Late Latin parabolare ("to tell parables, to discourse"), itself from Greek parabolē (a comparison, a story). The classical Latin word for to speak was loqui, but it lost out to the more conversational parabolare across the Romance world: French parler, Spanish hablar came from the Latin fabulari, but Italian, Catalan, and Occitan all chose the parable-based root. The semantic shift from tell parables to talk mirrors how speech itself works in Italian culture — narrative, expressive, fond of indirection.
Indicativo presente
| Person | Form | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| io | parlo | /PAR-lo/ |
| tu | parli | /PAR-li/ |
| lui / lei / Lei | parla | /PAR-la/ |
| noi | parliamo | /par-LIA-mo/ |
| voi | parlate | /par-LA-te/ |
| loro | parlano | /PAR-la-no/ |
Notice the stress pattern: the singular forms and the loro form all stress the root (PAR-lo, PAR-li, PAR-la, PAR-la-no), while noi and voi stress the ending (par-LIA-mo, par-LA-te). The 3pl parlano is the giveaway form for non-native speakers — say par-LA-no and you signal "learner" instantly. Say PAR-la-no and you sound Italian.
Parlo italiano da quasi tre anni, ma ancora faccio errori.
I've been speaking Italian for almost three years, but I still make mistakes.
Tu parli benissimo l'inglese — dove l'hai imparato?
You speak English really well — where did you learn it?
Mio nonno parla solo dialetto, mia nonna anche italiano.
My grandfather speaks only dialect, my grandmother also Italian.
A tavola parliamo sempre della giornata.
At the table we always talk about how the day went.
Ragazzi, parlate troppo veloce, non capisco niente!
Guys, you're speaking too fast, I don't understand anything!
I miei colleghi parlano di calcio in pausa pranzo.
My colleagues talk about soccer at lunch break.
Imperfetto
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| io | parlavo |
| tu | parlavi |
| lui / lei / Lei | parlava |
| noi | parlavamo |
| voi | parlavate |
| loro | parlavano |
The imperfetto is the textbook -are imperfect: stem parl- + the -av- marker + person endings. This -avo / -avi / -ava / -avamo / -avate / -avano pattern is identical for every regular -are verb. Compravo, amavo, lavoravo, mangiavo — same skeleton.
The imperfetto of parlare is heavily used in narrative for habitual or background talk: "we used to speak", "she would always say", "they were talking when..."
Da bambino parlavo sempre con il mio cane come se mi capisse.
As a kid I always talked to my dog as if he understood me.
Mentre parlavamo, ha cominciato a piovere.
While we were talking, it started to rain.
Mia madre parlava al telefono con sua sorella ogni domenica mattina.
My mother used to talk on the phone with her sister every Sunday morning.
Passato remoto
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| io | parlai |
| tu | parlasti |
| lui / lei / Lei | parlò |
| noi | parlammo |
| voi | parlaste |
| loro | parlarono |
A textbook regular -are passato remoto. The 1sg parlai ends in -ai (no accent — the diphthong is automatic); the 3sg parlò carries a mandatory grave accent to mark the final-stressed -ò; and the 1pl parlammo has a double m that differentiates it from any other tense. The 3pl parlàrono stresses the second syllable (par-LA-ro-no).
Passato remoto of parlare appears in literary narrative and in the spoken language of central and southern Italy. In casual Northern conversation, you'll hear the passato prossimo (ho parlato) instead.
Quel giorno parlò con tale franchezza che tutti rimasero sorpresi.
That day she spoke with such frankness that everyone was surprised. (literary)
I ministri parlarono per ore senza concludere nulla.
The ministers spoke for hours without concluding anything. (newspaper register)
Futuro semplice
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| io | parlerò |
| tu | parlerai |
| lui / lei / Lei | parlerà |
| noi | parleremo |
| voi | parlerete |
| loro | parleranno |
The future stem of parlare is parler- — note the shift from -a- (in the infinitive) to -e- (in the future and conditional). This is one of the few quirks of the regular -are class: the thematic vowel changes from a → e in the future and conditional, even though it stays as a everywhere else. So parlare → parlerò, amare → amerò, comprare → comprerò. (-ere and -ire verbs keep their own thematic vowel: vendere → venderò, partire → partirò.)
The 1sg and 3sg carry the mandatory grave accent: parlerò, parlerà. Forget the accent and you've written a non-form.
The futuro can also express probability about the present: Sarà al telefono — di sicuro parlerà con sua madre ("He'll be on the phone — he must be talking to his mother").
Domani parlerò con il direttore per chiedere un aumento.
Tomorrow I'll talk to the director to ask for a raise.
Ti parlerò di tutto quando ci vediamo di persona.
I'll tell you everything when we see each other in person.
I politici parleranno alla nazione stasera alle otto.
The politicians will address the nation tonight at eight.
Condizionale presente
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| io | parlerei |
| tu | parleresti |
| lui / lei / Lei | parlerebbe |
| noi | parleremmo |
| voi | parlereste |
| loro | parlerebbero |
Same parler- stem as the future, with the standard -are conditional endings. The trap is the 1pl: parleremmo (conditional, double m) vs parleremo (future, single m). This is the most common spelling slip in all Italian verb conjugation, and even native writers occasionally trip on it.
Parlerei volentieri con lui, ma non risponde mai al telefono.
I'd happily talk to him, but he never answers the phone.
Parleresti più piano, per favore? Sto cercando di concentrarmi.
Could you talk more softly, please? I'm trying to concentrate.
Parleremmo con il preside, ma non vogliamo creare problemi a tuo figlio.
We'd talk to the principal, but we don't want to create problems for your son.
Congiuntivo presente
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| (che) io | parli |
| (che) tu | parli |
| (che) lui / lei | parli |
| (che) noi | parliamo |
| (che) voi | parliate |
| (che) loro | parlino |
The three singular subjunctive forms collapse into parli — identical to the 2sg present indicative. Context and explicit pronouns disambiguate. The 1pl parliamo is also identical to the indicative; only the 2pl parliate and the 3pl parlino are distinctly subjunctive shapes.
Spero che lui parli con te prima di prendere una decisione.
I hope he talks to you before making a decision.
È importante che voi parliate sempre la verità in famiglia.
It's important that you always speak the truth in the family.
Non credo che parlino davvero spagnolo, lo conoscono solo un po'.
I don't think they really speak Spanish, they only know a little.
Congiuntivo imperfetto
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| (che) io | parlassi |
| (che) tu | parlassi |
| (che) lui / lei | parlasse |
| (che) noi | parlassimo |
| (che) voi | parlaste |
| (che) loro | parlassero |
The classic -are subjunctive imperfect: stem parl- + the -ass- marker + endings. Used in counterfactual se-clauses (se parlassi italiano...) and in past-tense subjunctive contexts (pensavo che parlasse...).
Se parlassi meglio l'inglese, lavorerei all'estero.
If I spoke English better, I'd work abroad.
Pensavamo che parlasse di noi, invece parlava di tutt'altro.
We thought he was talking about us, but he was talking about something completely different.
Imperativo
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| tu | parla! |
| Lei (formal) | parli |
| noi | parliamo |
| voi | parlate |
| loro (formal pl., archaic) | parlino |
The tu imperative of regular -are verbs is identical to the 3sg indicative: parla! This is unique to -are — for -ere and -ire verbs the tu imperative ends in -i (scrivi!, parti!). Negative tu imperative uses non + infinitive: non parlare! ("don't speak!").
The Lei (formal) imperative borrows the congiuntivo presente: parli, signore. ("Speak, sir."). The loro form (parlino) is archaic in modern usage — Italian has largely abandoned the formal third-person plural address.
Parla più forte, non ti sento bene da qui.
Speak louder, I can't hear you well from here.
Non parlare con la bocca piena, per favore.
Don't speak with your mouth full, please.
Parli pure, dottoressa, la sto ascoltando.
Please speak, doctor, I'm listening to you. (formal)
Parliamone con calma, senza arrabbiarci.
Let's talk it through calmly, without getting angry.
Forme non finite
| Form | Italian |
|---|---|
| Infinito presente | parlare |
| Infinito passato | avere parlato / aver parlato |
| Gerundio presente | parlando |
| Gerundio passato | avendo parlato |
| Participio passato | parlato |
The participio parlato is fully regular. Auxiliary is avere in all compound tenses (parlare is intransitive but doesn't express motion or state-change, so it falls in the avere camp). The participle does not normally agree with the subject; it agrees with a preceding direct-object pronoun in the rare cases where parlare takes a clitic accusative (mostly idiomatic).
Avendo parlato a lungo con lei, ho cambiato idea.
Having talked at length with her, I changed my mind.
Compound tenses
| Tense | io | noi |
|---|---|---|
| Passato prossimo | ho parlato | abbiamo parlato |
| Trapassato prossimo | avevo parlato | avevamo parlato |
| Trapassato remoto | ebbi parlato | avemmo parlato |
| Futuro anteriore | avrò parlato | avremo parlato |
| Condizionale passato | avrei parlato | avremmo parlato |
| Congiuntivo passato | abbia parlato | abbiamo parlato |
| Congiuntivo trapassato | avessi parlato | avessimo parlato |
Ho parlato con il professore stamattina, è disponibile a riceverti.
I spoke to the professor this morning, he's available to see you.
Se avessi parlato prima, avremmo evitato il malinteso.
If I'd spoken sooner, we would have avoided the misunderstanding.
The preposition map: parlare a / di / con
This is where parlare gets its real workout. The verb takes three different prepositions depending on what part of the speech act you're highlighting:
| Construction | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| parlare a qualcuno | to speak to someone (direction) | Ho parlato a Marco. |
| parlare con qualcuno | to have a conversation with someone | Ho parlato con Marco. |
| parlare di qualcosa / qualcuno | to speak about something / someone | Hanno parlato di te. |
| parlare in + lingua | to speak in (a language) | Parliamo in inglese. |
The parlare a / parlare con distinction is real but soft. Parlare a emphasizes a one-way direction: a teacher addressing students, a politician addressing voters. Parlare con implies a two-way exchange: a chat, a conversation, a discussion. In casual speech, parlare con dominates; parlare a sounds slightly more formal or one-directional.
Devo parlare con te di una cosa importante.
I need to talk to you about something important. (two-way conversation)
Il sindaco ha parlato ai cittadini dal balcone del municipio.
The mayor spoke to the citizens from the city hall balcony. (one-directional address)
Ieri abbiamo parlato di politica per due ore.
Yesterday we talked about politics for two hours.
Idioms with parlare
Italian uses parlare in dozens of fixed expressions — many of them colourful and worth memorising as units.
| Italian | Literal | Idiomatic English |
|---|---|---|
| parlare al muro | to talk to the wall | to talk to a brick wall (no one's listening) |
| parlare arabo / parlare turco | to speak Arabic / Turkish | to talk gibberish / be incomprehensible |
| parlare a vanvera | to talk at random | to talk nonsense, to ramble without thinking |
| parlare male di qualcuno | to speak badly of someone | to badmouth someone |
| parlare bene di qualcuno | to speak well of someone | to praise someone |
| non se ne parla (proprio / nemmeno) | one doesn't speak of it | out of the question / no way |
| parli del diavolo (e spuntano le corna) | speak of the devil (and the horns appear) | speak of the devil! |
| parlare a quattr'occhi | to speak between four eyes | to speak privately, one-on-one |
| parlare chiaro | to speak clearly | to be straightforward, to not mince words |
| parlare a ruota libera | to speak freewheel | to talk freely, off the cuff |
È inutile, parlare con lui è come parlare al muro.
It's useless, talking to him is like talking to a brick wall.
Quando spiega la matematica, mio fratello parla arabo per me.
When my brother explains math, he might as well be speaking Greek to me.
Lascia perdere quello che ha detto, parla sempre a vanvera quando beve.
Forget what he said, he always talks nonsense when he drinks.
Non parlare male di lei davanti ai bambini, per favore.
Don't badmouth her in front of the kids, please.
Andare in vacanza adesso? Non se ne parla nemmeno.
Go on vacation now? Out of the question.
Stavamo proprio parlando di te! — Parli del diavolo!
We were just talking about you! — Speak of the devil!
Dobbiamo parlare a quattr'occhi, è una cosa delicata.
We need to speak privately, it's a delicate matter.
Mi piace lui perché parla chiaro, senza giri di parole.
I like him because he speaks plainly, without beating around the bush.
Common mistakes
❌ Parlo con italiano.
Incorrect — parlare in (a language) takes the preposition in, not con. Con works for people, not languages.
✅ Parlo italiano. / Parliamo in italiano a casa.
Correct — name the language directly, or use parlare in + language.
❌ Ho parlato Marco ieri.
Incorrect — parlare requires a preposition before a person.
✅ Ho parlato con Marco ieri. / Ho parlato a Marco ieri.
Correct — con for a conversation, a for one-directional address.
❌ Stiamo parlando per la festa di sabato.
Incorrect — parlare di (about), not parlare per. Per is the wrong preposition here.
✅ Stiamo parlando della festa di sabato.
Correct — di + la = della, the standard preposition for the topic of speech.
❌ I miei colleghi parlàno di calcio.
Incorrect — wrong stress placement on the loro form.
✅ I miei colleghi parlano di calcio.
Correct — stress is on the root: PAR-la-no, not par-LA-no.
❌ Domani parlero con il capo.
Incorrect — the future 1sg requires the grave accent on the final ò.
✅ Domani parlerò con il capo.
Correct — parlerò with mandatory accent.
❌ Penso che lui parla troppo.
Incorrect — penso che triggers the subjunctive.
✅ Penso che lui parli troppo.
Correct — parli is the congiuntivo presente.
Key takeaways
Parlare is the canonical regular -are verb, and learning it gives you the slot pattern for thousands of others. The stem parl- never changes; the endings -o, -i, -a, -iamo, -ate, -ano in the present and -avo / -ai / -erò / -erei / -assi in the other tenses are the universal -are skeleton.
Three points to internalise:
The loro form is rizotonic — stressed on the root: parlano = PAR-la-no. The most reliable sign of a learner is mis-stressing this form as par-LA-no.
Parlare takes three prepositions: parlare a (one-directional address), parlare con (conversation), parlare di (about a topic). The natural conversational default is parlare con.
The thematic vowel shifts a → e in the future and conditional: parlare → parlerò → parlerei. This is true for all -are verbs: amerò, comprerò, lavorerò. It does not affect any other tense.
For the close cousins of parlare in the communication-verb family — dire (to say), raccontare (to recount, to narrate), chiacchierare (to chat) — see dire vs parlare vs raccontare. And for the parallel patterns of other A1 -are verbs that share parlare's clean paradigm, move on to comprare and amare.
Now practice Italian
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Open the Italian course →Related Topics
- Presente: Regular -are VerbsA1 — How to conjugate the largest and most regular class of Italian verbs in the present indicative — and how to avoid the stress trap that gives away every learner.
- Dire vs Parlare vs RaccontareA2 — Three Italian verbs for English's say/tell/talk — but Italian carves them by what comes after them. Dire takes content, parlare takes a topic, raccontare takes a story.
- Comprare: Full ConjugationA1 — Complete paradigm of comprare (to buy) — a fully regular -are verb following the parlare model exactly, with a rich vocabulary of price-and-payment idioms and a register contrast against acquistare.
- Amare: Full ConjugationA1 — Complete paradigm of amare (to love) — a fully regular -are verb whose grammar is easy but whose pragmatics are not: amare is reserved for romantic or deep affectionate love, while voler bene covers the everyday love English speakers default to.
- Avere: Full ConjugationA1 — Complete paradigm of avere (to have) across every tense and mood — the most-used verb in Italian and the auxiliary for the majority of compound tenses.
- Stress Patterns in Verb ConjugationsA2 — Where the stress falls in Italian conjugations — the silent rules that written Italian rarely marks but that instantly reveal a non-native speaker.