Perder la documentación puede suponer un problema serio, y no se me ocurre otra opción que volver a pedirla.

Because in Spanish, an infinitive can act like a noun or a whole action concept.

So Perder la documentación puede suponer un problema serio means literally:

Losing the documentation can mean / can amount to a serious problem.

Here, perder la documentación is the subject of puede suponer.

This is very common in Spanish:

• Fumar es malo. = Smoking is bad.
• Viajar cansa. = Travelling is tiring.
• Perder la documentación puede suponer un problema serio. = Losing your papers can be a serious problem.

In this context, la documentación usually means your official papers/documents rather than documentation in the English sense of manuals or technical written material.

In Spain, it can refer to things like:

• ID documents
• residence papers
• vehicle papers
• official paperwork

It is a singular feminine noun, even though in English we might think of several separate documents. That is why later the sentence uses la in pedirla.

So:

• la documentación = the paperwork / the documents
• pedirla = request it again

Because documentación is a collective or mass noun in Spanish. It refers to the set of documents as a whole.

This is similar to how English can say paperwork even though it may consist of many papers.

Compare:

• He perdido la documentación. = I’ve lost my papers / paperwork.
• He perdido los documentos. = I’ve lost the documents.

Both are possible, but la documentación sounds more like the whole set of official paperwork.

Suponer here means something like:

• to mean
• to entail
• to represent
• to amount to

So puede suponer un problema serio is not just can be a serious problem, but more like can lead to / can amount to a serious problem.

It sounds a bit more formal and nuanced than just ser.

Compare:

• Eso es un problema. = That is a problem.
• Eso puede suponer un problema. = That can mean / create / entail a problem.

Yes. Puede adds the idea of possibility or potential consequence:

• puede suponer = can mean / may involve / may cause

So the sentence is not saying that losing the documents is always definitely a serious problem in every situation, but that it can be.

This is a very common Spanish structure.

Ocurrírsele algo a alguien means for something to occur to someone or to come to someone’s mind.

So:

• No se me ocurre otra opción = No other option occurs to me
• more natural English: I can’t think of any other option

The parts are:

• se: part of the pronominal structure here
• me: to me
• ocurre: occurs

A very literal breakdown is:

No se me ocurre otra opción = No other option occurs to me

Not exactly.

Ocurrir on its own often means to happen:

• ¿Qué ocurrió? = What happened?

But ocurrírsele a alguien means to occur to someone / come to mind:

• Se me ocurrió una idea. = An idea occurred to me.
• No se me ocurre nada. = I can’t think of anything.

So in your sentence, it is the second meaning.

Because for the meaning to occur to someone / come to mind, Spanish normally uses the pronominal pattern ocurrírsele.

So the standard expression is:

• se me ocurre
• se te ocurre
• se le ocurre

not me ocurre for this meaning.

Compare:

• No se me ocurre ninguna solución. = I can’t think of any solution.
• Se le ocurrió una excusa. = An excuse occurred to him/her.

Because in Spanish, otro/otra usually replaces the indefinite article.

So:

• otra opción = another option
• otro día = another day

Spanish normally does not say:

• una otra opción ✘

This is a very common difference from English.

Here que means something like other than / but to.

The structure is:

• no se me ocurre otra opción que...
• no hay otra opción que...
• no me queda más remedio que...

It introduces the only remaining action.

So:

No se me ocurre otra opción que volver a pedirla
= I can’t think of any other option than to request it again
= more natural English: I can’t think of any other option except to apply for it again

Volver a + infinitive is a very common structure meaning to do something again.

So:

• volver a pedirla = to request it again

Examples:

• Volví a llamar. = I called again.
• Tendrás que volver a empezar. = You’ll have to start again.

You could also say pedirla otra vez, and that would be correct, but volver a pedirla is especially common and natural.

Because la is the direct object pronoun referring back to la documentación.

So:

• pedir la documentación = to request the documentation
• pedirla = to request it

Since documentación is feminine singular, the pronoun is la.

Also, with an infinitive, object pronouns are often attached to the end:

• volver a pedirla

You could also sometimes place the pronoun before a conjugated verb in a different structure, for example:

• La tengo que pedir otra vez.

But in your sentence, pedirla is the natural form.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Pedir is a broad verb meaning:

• to ask for
• to request
• to order
• to apply for

With official paperwork, pedir la documentación often means to request it again from the relevant authority, which in English may be best translated as apply for it again or request a replacement.

So in this sentence, volver a pedirla probably means something like:

• to request the documents again
• to reapply for them
• to ask for a replacement

Yes, and it would sound more formal.

Compare:

• pedirla = request it / ask for it
• solicitarla = formally request it / apply for it

So:

• volver a pedirla sounds natural and everyday
• volver a solicitarla sounds more official or bureaucratic

Both work, but pedir is very common in normal speech.

Because the subject of both actions is the same.

The speaker is talking about their own only possible action:

• no se me ocurre otra opción
• volver a pedirla

When the subject stays the same, Spanish often prefers que + infinitive-related expression or just the infinitive structure after these kinds of nouns and expressions.

A full clause with subjunctive would usually be used if you introduced a different subject or a different structure, for example:

• No se me ocurre otra opción para que ellos la tramiten antes.

But in your sentence, the infinitive is the normal and natural choice.

Yes.

For example:

• Perder los documentos puede suponer un problema serio...

That would also be correct. The difference is mostly nuance:

• la documentación = the paperwork/documents as a set, often a bit more official-sounding
• los documentos = the documents themselves, more concrete and countable

If you used los documentos, the pronoun would change too:

• volver a pedirlos = request them again

Whereas with la documentación, it is:

• volver a pedirla = request it again