Lesson 62

QuestionAnswer
the pronoun
pronomen
in place of
pro
Father drinks water instead of wine.
Pater aquam pro vino bibit.
Today the teacher speaks about the pronoun and says that a pronoun is often placed in place of a noun.
Magistra hodie de pronomine loquitur et dicit pronomen saepe pro nomine poni.
demonstrative
demonstrativus
relative
relativus
Lucia asks whether this pronoun is demonstrative or relative.
Lucia rogat utrum hoc pronomen demonstrativum sit an relativum.
The teacher answers that “hic” is a demonstrative pronoun, but “qui” is a relative pronoun.
Magistra respondet “hic” pronomen demonstrativum esse, “qui” autem pronomen relativum.
interrogative
interrogativus
Marcus asks whether “quis” is an interrogative pronoun.
Marcus quaerit utrum “quis” pronomen interrogativum sit.
to indicate
significare
The teacher adds that an interrogative pronoun often indicates a question.
Magistra addit pronomen interrogativum saepe quaestionem significare.
the adjective
adiectivum
“Bonus” is an adjective, but “puer” is a noun.
“Bonus” adiectivum est, sed “puer” nomen est.
to agree
convenire
Father and mother agree with each other about discipline.
Pater et mater de disciplina inter se conveniunt.
In the sentence “the girl is happy,” the adjective agrees with the noun.
In sententia “puella laeta est” adiectivum cum nomine convenit.
the conjunction
coniunctio
The teacher asks whether “aut” is a conjunction or not.
Magistra rogat utrum “aut” coniunctio sit necne.
“Et” is a conjunction, and “sed” is also a conjunction.
“Et” coniunctio est, et “sed” quoque coniunctio est.
The teacher says that a conjunction is often placed between two clauses.
Magistra dicit coniunctionem saepe inter duas sententias poni.
the vocative
vocativus
The vocative appears in the words “Hello, friend.”
Vocativus in verbis “Salve, amice” apparet.
the one
eum
There are two books on the table, and the student reads the one that is shorter.
Duo libri in mensa sunt, et discipula eum legit qui brevior est.
to belong
pertinere
to address
appellare
The orator, standing on the rostra, addresses the citizens in a clear voice.
Orator in rostris stans cives clara voce appellat.
The teacher adds that the vocative belongs to the person who is addressed.
Magistra addit vocativum ad eum pertinere qui appellatur.
stronger
fortior
The horse is stronger than the donkey.
Equus fortior est quam asinus.
the comparative
comparativus
strongest
fortissimus
This horse is the strongest and pulls the heavy wagon.
Hic equus fortissimus est et plaustrum grave trahit.
the superlative
superlativus
“Fortior” is a comparative, but “fortissimus” is a superlative.
“Fortior” comparativus est, “fortissimus” autem superlativus.
to place above
praeferre
Father says that he places friendship above riches.
Pater dicit se amicitiam divitiis praeferre.
Lucia says that the comparative compares one thing with another, but the superlative places one thing above all.
Lucia dicit comparativum unam rem cum alia conferre, superlativum autem unam rem omnibus praeferre.
the present
praesens
Grandfather says that we ought to live in the present.
Avus dicit nos in praesenti vivere debere.
the imperfect
imperfectum
“Amo” is in the present, but “amabam” is in the imperfect.
“Amo” in praesenti est, “amabam” autem in imperfecto.
the perfect
perfectum
the future
futurum
“Amavi” is the perfect, and “amabo” is the future.
“Amavi” perfectum est, “amabo” futurum.
done
factus
The perfect shows a thing done, but the future shows what will happen afterward.
Perfectum rem factam ostendit, futurum autem id quod postea fiet.
loving
amans
The loving mother comforts the baby.
Mater amans infantem consolatur.
the participle
participium
loved
amatus
Mother comforts her beloved daughter.
Mater filiam amatam consolatur.
“Amans” is a participle, and “amatus” is also a participle.
“Amans” participium est, et “amatus” quoque participium est.
in a way
quasi
This story seems, in a way, true to me.
Haec fabula mihi quasi vera videtur.
to contain
continere
This book contains many new words.
Hic liber multa verba nova continet.
A participle often belongs to a noun and in a way contains both a verb and an adjective at the same time.
Participium saepe ad nomen pertinet et quasi verbum et adiectivum simul continet.
the conjugation
coniugatio
Marcus says that he understands this conjugation more easily than that one.
Marcus dicit se hanc coniugationem facilius intellegere quam illam.
This conjugation is easy, but that one is more difficult; nevertheless both conjugations must be learned by the students.
Haec coniugatio facilis est, illa autem difficilior; tamen utraque coniugatio discipulis discenda est.
although
licet
Although the new word is difficult, Lucia nevertheless understands its meaning.
Licet verbum novum difficile sit, Lucia tamen sensum eius intellegit.
to rain
pluere
When it rains, we stay under the portico.
Cum pluit, sub porticu manemus.
Although it is raining, the girls nevertheless come to school and listen to the teacher.
Licet pluat, puellae tamen ad scholam veniunt et magistram audiunt.
Although it is late, the father is still reading a Latin example to his daughter.
Licet sero sit, pater filiae adhuc exemplum Latinum legit.
Although Marcus’s voice is small, the teacher hears him answer clearly.
Licet vox Marci parva sit, magistra eum clare respondere audit.
past
praeteritus
Marcus answers that this participle belongs to past time, because it indicates a thing already done.
Marcus respondet hoc participium ad tempus praeteritum pertinere, quia rem iam factam significat.
to be done
faciendus
This task must be done today.
Hoc opus hodie faciendum est.
Lucia, however, says that another participle belongs to the future, because it indicates a thing about to be done soon.
Lucia autem dicit aliud participium ad futurum pertinere, quia rem mox faciendam significat.
to pertain
pertinere
The teacher asks whether this question pertains to the meaning or to the form of the word.
Magistra rogat utrum haec quaestio ad sensum an ad formam vocabuli pertineat.
The teacher says that the imperfect belongs to past time.
Magistra dicit imperfectum ad tempus praeteritum pertinere.