| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the pronoun | pronomen |
| in place of | pro |
| Father drinks water instead of wine. | Pater aquam pro vino bibit. |
| Today the teacher speaks about the pronoun and says that a pronoun is often placed in place of a noun. | Magistra hodie de pronomine loquitur et dicit pronomen saepe pro nomine poni. |
| demonstrative | demonstrativus |
| relative | relativus |
| Lucia asks whether this pronoun is demonstrative or relative. | Lucia rogat utrum hoc pronomen demonstrativum sit an relativum. |
| The teacher answers that “hic” is a demonstrative pronoun, but “qui” is a relative pronoun. | Magistra respondet “hic” pronomen demonstrativum esse, “qui” autem pronomen relativum. |
| interrogative | interrogativus |
| Marcus asks whether “quis” is an interrogative pronoun. | Marcus quaerit utrum “quis” pronomen interrogativum sit. |
| to indicate | significare |
| The teacher adds that an interrogative pronoun often indicates a question. | Magistra addit pronomen interrogativum saepe quaestionem significare. |
| the adjective | adiectivum |
| “Bonus” is an adjective, but “puer” is a noun. | “Bonus” adiectivum est, sed “puer” nomen est. |
| to agree | convenire |
| Father and mother agree with each other about discipline. | Pater et mater de disciplina inter se conveniunt. |
| In the sentence “the girl is happy,” the adjective agrees with the noun. | In sententia “puella laeta est” adiectivum cum nomine convenit. |
| the conjunction | coniunctio |
| The teacher asks whether “aut” is a conjunction or not. | Magistra rogat utrum “aut” coniunctio sit necne. |
| “Et” is a conjunction, and “sed” is also a conjunction. | “Et” coniunctio est, et “sed” quoque coniunctio est. |
| The teacher says that a conjunction is often placed between two clauses. | Magistra dicit coniunctionem saepe inter duas sententias poni. |
| the vocative | vocativus |
| The vocative appears in the words “Hello, friend.” | Vocativus in verbis “Salve, amice” apparet. |
| the one | eum |
| There are two books on the table, and the student reads the one that is shorter. | Duo libri in mensa sunt, et discipula eum legit qui brevior est. |
| to belong | pertinere |
| to address | appellare |
| The orator, standing on the rostra, addresses the citizens in a clear voice. | Orator in rostris stans cives clara voce appellat. |
| The teacher adds that the vocative belongs to the person who is addressed. | Magistra addit vocativum ad eum pertinere qui appellatur. |
| stronger | fortior |
| The horse is stronger than the donkey. | Equus fortior est quam asinus. |
| the comparative | comparativus |
| strongest | fortissimus |
| This horse is the strongest and pulls the heavy wagon. | Hic equus fortissimus est et plaustrum grave trahit. |
| the superlative | superlativus |
| “Fortior” is a comparative, but “fortissimus” is a superlative. | “Fortior” comparativus est, “fortissimus” autem superlativus. |
| to place above | praeferre |
| Father says that he places friendship above riches. | Pater dicit se amicitiam divitiis praeferre. |
| Lucia says that the comparative compares one thing with another, but the superlative places one thing above all. | Lucia dicit comparativum unam rem cum alia conferre, superlativum autem unam rem omnibus praeferre. |
| the present | praesens |
| Grandfather says that we ought to live in the present. | Avus dicit nos in praesenti vivere debere. |
| the imperfect | imperfectum |
| “Amo” is in the present, but “amabam” is in the imperfect. | “Amo” in praesenti est, “amabam” autem in imperfecto. |
| the perfect | perfectum |
| the future | futurum |
| “Amavi” is the perfect, and “amabo” is the future. | “Amavi” perfectum est, “amabo” futurum. |
| done | factus |
| The perfect shows a thing done, but the future shows what will happen afterward. | Perfectum rem factam ostendit, futurum autem id quod postea fiet. |
| loving | amans |
| The loving mother comforts the baby. | Mater amans infantem consolatur. |
| the participle | participium |
| loved | amatus |
| Mother comforts her beloved daughter. | Mater filiam amatam consolatur. |
| “Amans” is a participle, and “amatus” is also a participle. | “Amans” participium est, et “amatus” quoque participium est. |
| in a way | quasi |
| This story seems, in a way, true to me. | Haec fabula mihi quasi vera videtur. |
| to contain | continere |
| This book contains many new words. | Hic liber multa verba nova continet. |
| A participle often belongs to a noun and in a way contains both a verb and an adjective at the same time. | Participium saepe ad nomen pertinet et quasi verbum et adiectivum simul continet. |
| the conjugation | coniugatio |
| Marcus says that he understands this conjugation more easily than that one. | Marcus dicit se hanc coniugationem facilius intellegere quam illam. |
| This conjugation is easy, but that one is more difficult; nevertheless both conjugations must be learned by the students. | Haec coniugatio facilis est, illa autem difficilior; tamen utraque coniugatio discipulis discenda est. |
| although | licet |
| Although the new word is difficult, Lucia nevertheless understands its meaning. | Licet verbum novum difficile sit, Lucia tamen sensum eius intellegit. |
| to rain | pluere |
| When it rains, we stay under the portico. | Cum pluit, sub porticu manemus. |
| Although it is raining, the girls nevertheless come to school and listen to the teacher. | Licet pluat, puellae tamen ad scholam veniunt et magistram audiunt. |
| Although it is late, the father is still reading a Latin example to his daughter. | Licet sero sit, pater filiae adhuc exemplum Latinum legit. |
| Although Marcus’s voice is small, the teacher hears him answer clearly. | Licet vox Marci parva sit, magistra eum clare respondere audit. |
| past | praeteritus |
| Marcus answers that this participle belongs to past time, because it indicates a thing already done. | Marcus respondet hoc participium ad tempus praeteritum pertinere, quia rem iam factam significat. |
| to be done | faciendus |
| This task must be done today. | Hoc opus hodie faciendum est. |
| Lucia, however, says that another participle belongs to the future, because it indicates a thing about to be done soon. | Lucia autem dicit aliud participium ad futurum pertinere, quia rem mox faciendam significat. |
| to pertain | pertinere |
| The teacher asks whether this question pertains to the meaning or to the form of the word. | Magistra rogat utrum haec quaestio ad sensum an ad formam vocabuli pertineat. |
| The teacher says that the imperfect belongs to past time. | Magistra dicit imperfectum ad tempus praeteritum pertinere. |
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