“Et” coniunctio est, et “sed” quoque coniunctio est.

Because the two ets are doing different jobs.

The first Et is being mentioned as a word. It means something like: the word et.

The second et is being used normally as a conjunction, so it means and and joins the two statements together.

So the pattern is like English:

And is a conjunction, and but is also a conjunction.

Coniunctio means conjunction.

It is the grammatical term for a word like et (and) or sed (but) that joins words, phrases, or clauses.

Coniunctio is nominative singular.

That is because it is used with est from esse (to be). After forms of to be, Latin normally uses the nominative for both the subject and the word that identifies it. This is often called a predicate nominative.

So in Et coniunctio est, the idea is:

• subject: Et
• predicate noun: coniunctio
• verb: est

Literally: Et is a conjunction.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order. Very often, especially in simple statements, the verb comes at or near the end.

So Et coniunctio est is perfectly normal Latin.

You could also find other orders, such as Et est coniunctio or Coniunctio est et, depending on style and emphasis, but the version with est at the end is very natural.

Because Latin has no articles. It has no direct equivalent of English a, an, or the.

So coniunctio est can mean:

• is a conjunction
• is the conjunction

Context tells you which English wording is best. Here, English naturally uses a conjunction.

Quoque means also, too, or as well.

So sed quoque coniunctio est means:

sed is also a conjunction
or
sed too is a conjunction.

That is normal for quoque.

Unlike English also, quoque usually comes after the word it is closely connected with. So:

• sed quoque = sed also / sed too

A useful rule of thumb is: quoque often follows the word it emphasizes.

Because et and sed are indeclinable words.

Conjunctions do not take case endings, number endings, or gender endings. They stay the same form.

So whether you are using them normally or mentioning them as vocabulary items, they remain et and sed.

The quotation marks show that the sentence is talking about the words themselves, not simply using them in their usual meaning.

So et here means the word et, just as in English we might write:

and is a conjunction.

The quotation marks are a modern writing convention to make that clear.

Because grammatical gender belongs to the noun coniunctio, not to the words et and sed in any natural sense.

Latin nouns have lexical gender. Coniunctio happens to be feminine, so if you referred back to it with an adjective or pronoun, that adjective or pronoun would also be feminine.

This does not mean that conjunctions are feminine in a real-world sense; it is just grammar.

Latin can sometimes leave out repeated words when the meaning is obvious, but repetition is often used for clarity, especially in definitions or teaching sentences.

So:

• Et coniunctio est, et sed quoque coniunctio est

clearly states the full idea twice.

It is straightforward and easy for a learner to parse.

Not in the same way as case endings or verb endings.

The comma here is mainly a modern editorial aid that separates the two clauses and makes the sentence easier to read. Ancient Latin manuscripts had much less punctuation than modern printed texts.

So the comma helps readability, but the grammar of the sentence does not depend on it.