Usages of esse
Ego sum laetus.
I am happy.
Tu es laetus.
You are happy.
Familia est magna.
The family is large.
Amicus est laetus.
The friend is happy.
Puella est laeta.
The girl is happy.
Discipulus et magister in via sunt.
The student and the teacher are on the road.
Amicus cum discipulo in via est.
The friend is on the road with the student.
Pater et mater cum familia in villa laeti sunt.
Father and mother are happy with the family in the villa.
Oppidum est magnum, sed non est urbs.
(The town is large, but it is not a city.)
Iter longum est, et nos in oppidum festinamus.
(The journey is long, and we hurry to the town.)
Si via est longa, equus utilis est.
(If the road is long, a horse is useful.)
Equus etiam agricolae utilis est in agris.
(A horse is also useful to the farmer in the fields.)
In insula magna silva est, et multi senes ibi habitant.
(On the large island there is a forest, and many old men live there.)
Magistra discipulae narrat: “Tempus est bonum.”
(The female teacher tells the female student: “Time is good.”)
Si tempestas in mari est, nautae magnum periculum timent.
(If there is a storm at sea, the sailors fear great danger.)
Nos laeti sumus, et multum laboramus.
(We are happy, and we work a lot.)
Iter longum, sed nos laeti sumus.
The journey is long, but we are happy.
Nomen militis est Marcus, sed multi eum timidum vocant.
(The soldier’s name is Marcus, but many call him timid.)
Marcus tamen fortis est et bellum non amat.
(However, Marcus is brave and does not love war.)
Imperator scit: “Pax est melior quam bellum.”
(The emperor knows: “Peace is better than war.”)
Si timidus es, studere potes in urbe, sed si fortis es, potes dormire in horto.
(If you are timid, you can study in the city, but if you are brave, you can sleep in the garden.)
Multi dicunt nomen meum altum esse, sed ego sum discipulus laetus.
(Many say my name is lofty, but I am a happy student.)
Mox puer fortis erit, et miles erit.
(Soon the boy will be brave, and he will be a soldier.)
Imperator dicit: “Miles fortis erit, sed bellum manebit.”
(The emperor says: “The soldier will be brave, but war will remain.”)
Nuntius dicit: “Mox dea ad urbem ambulabit et templum laetum erit.”
(The messenger says: “Soon the goddess will walk to the city and the temple will be happy.”)
Tu es timidus, tamen mens tua fortis est.
You are timid, however your mind is strong.
Nunc orare in templo melius est.
Now it is better to pray in the temple.
Magister in horto laetior est quam in villa.
The teacher is happier in the garden than in the house.
Laetus sum, quia magister meus me laudat.
I am happy because my teacher praises me.
Discipulus dicit: "Caelum specto, nam interdum est pulchrum."
The student says: "I look at the sky, for sometimes it is beautiful."
Hodie dies clarus fuit, sed discipuli tamen in schola manserunt.
Today the day was bright, but the students nevertheless stayed in the school.
Heri nox quoque quieta fuit, nam ignem in via numquam vidimus.
Yesterday the night was also quiet, for we never saw a fire in the road.
Cras dies brevis erit, sed multi discipuli ad scholam venient.
Tomorrow the day will be short, but many students will come to the school.
Heri puella tristis fuit, nunc tamen cum fratre suo ridet.
Yesterday the girl was sad, now however she laughs with her brother.
Hodie dies brevis fuit, sed cras dies longus erit in schola.
Today the day was short, but tomorrow the day will be long at school.
Post quietam noctem corpus discipulae non est triste, sed laborare vult et studere potest.
After a quiet night the female student's body is not sad, but it wants to work and is able to study.
Hodie caelum clarum est.
Today the sky is bright.
Vox discipuli clara est.
The student's voice is clear.
Domus magna est.
The house is large.
Puer intrat cubiculum quod parvum est.
The boy enters the bedroom which is small.
In cubiculo fenestra est, et puer eam vesperi claudit.
In the bedroom there is a window, and the boy closes it in the evening.
Hodie dies frigidus est, sed domus calida est.
Today the day is cold, but the house is warm.
Filia respondet: "Librum lego, quia foris dies frigidus est."
The daughter answers: "I am reading a book, because outside the day is cold."
Filia respondet: "Fortasse cras cum eis curram; nunc domi manere melius est."
The daughter answers: "Perhaps tomorrow I will run with them; now it is better to stay at home."
Mater respondet: "Nonne avia in horto cantabit, ubi luna et stellae lucent? Nunc fenestram aperio, ita lucerna clara erit."
Mother answers: "Won’t grandmother sing in the garden, where the moon and stars shine? Now I am opening the window, so the lamp will be bright."
Mater respondet: "Nonne potestis ludere aut legere? Quomodo sine avia tristes esse potestis?"
Mother answers: "Can you not play or read? How can you be sad without grandmother?"
Hodie dies obscurus est.
Today the day is dark.
Discipulus libros legit, ita mens eius non est tristis.
The student reads books, so his mind is not sad.
In domo nostra magna ianua et paucae fenestrae sunt.
In our house there is a large door and few windows.
In cubiculo parvo lectus est, et prope fenestram sella stat.
In the small bedroom there is a bed, and near the window a chair stands.
Mater aures pueri videt et dicit: "Aures tuae purae sunt."
Mother sees the boy's ears and says: "Your ears are clean."
Postquam pedes lavit, puer etiam aures lavat, et nunc aures purae sunt.
After he has washed his feet, the boy also washes his ears, and now his ears are clean.
Servus statim currit et celer est, domina autem lente ambulat et tarda est.
The servant runs immediately and is quick, but the lady walks slowly and is slow.
In schola magnum silentium est, et magister tacet.
In the school there is great silence, and the teacher is silent.
Quamquam nox obscura est, mater sola non timet.
Although the night is dark, mother alone is not afraid.
Vestri amici pauci sunt, sed boni; deinde alii ad scholam venient.
Your friends are few, but good; then others will come to the school.
Postquam domina fabulam narravit, pueri in lectis dormiunt et manus quietae sunt.
After the lady has told the story, the boys sleep in their beds and their hands are at rest.
Puer fessus est, tamen ad scholam currit.
The tired boy is tired, yet he runs to the school.
Heri coquus piscem lente coquebat, quia fessus erat.
Yesterday the cook was slowly cooking the fish, because he was tired.
Olim pater pecuniam lente numerabat, nam numeri magni erant.
Once father was slowly counting the money, for the numbers were large.
Tertia hora discipuli iam fessi sunt, sed magister adhuc docet.
At the third hour the students are already tired, but the teacher is still teaching.
Olim infans saepe aegrota erat, et medica ad villam veniebat.
Once the baby was often sick, and a female doctor used to come to the villa.
Nunc medicus dicit infantem sanum esse et mater gaudet.
Now the male doctor says that the baby is healthy and mother rejoices.
Cum puer aegrotus erat, medica cum eo manebat tota hora.
When the boy was sick, the female doctor stayed with him for a whole hour.
Postquam puer sanus erat, puer cum sorore pila iterum ludebat.
After the boy was healthy, the boy was again playing with the ball with his sister.
Postea dominus numerum pecuniae spectat et dicit pretium tunicae veteris esse nimium.
Afterwards the master looks at the amount of money and says that the price of the old tunic is too much.
Mater dicit ludum esse bonum, sed clamorem puerorum nimium esse, quia pueri diu non tacent.
Mother says the game is good, but that the noise of the boys is too much, because the boys do not keep quiet for a long time.
Pater olim laboriosus agricola erat et tota die in agris laborabat.
Father once was a hardworking farmer and all day long he used to work in the fields.
Nunc mater laboriosior est quam pater, nam tota domus cura eius est et tamen gaudet.
Now mother is more hardworking than father, for the whole house is her responsibility and yet she rejoices.
In via clamor mercatorum magnus est, sed in culina solum coquus et servus quiete loquuntur.
In the street the merchants’ noise is loud, but in the kitchen only the cook and the servant speak quietly.
Numerus in libro magnus est.
The number in the book is large.
In caelo multae nubes sunt, et pluvia lente cadit.
In the sky there are many clouds, and rain falls slowly.
Magnum flumen inter oppidum et silvam est.
A great river is between the town and the forest.
Prope scholam parva bibliotheca est, ubi discipuli post scholam libros legere amant.
Near the school there is a small library, where the students like to read books after school.
Magistra dicit: "Hic liber facilis est, ille liber difficilis; tamen vos potestis multum discere."
The (female) teacher says: "This book is easy, that book is difficult; nevertheless you can learn a lot."
Puer dicit: "Ego quoque aviam iuvare debeo, quamquam iam fessa est."
The boy says: "I also ought to help grandmother, although she is already tired."
Inter flumen et viam parvus pons est, et pueri de ponte flumen spectant.
Between the river and the road there is a small bridge, and the boys look at the river from the bridge.
Mater ianuam claudit ne infans foris exeat et ut domus tuta sit.
Mother closes the door so that the baby may not go outside and so that the house may be safe.
Magister cum discipulis in schola manet, ne pueri soli per viam domum currant; nam pueri ibi tuti sunt.
The teacher stays in the school with the students, so that the boys do not run home alone through the street; for there the boys are safe.
Puer dicit: "Hic hortus parvus est, ille autem hortus prope flumen magnus et pulcher est."
The boy says: "This garden is small, but that garden near the river is large and beautiful."
Discipuli diu in bibliotheca manent, quia discere volunt etiam ea quae difficilia sunt, non solum quae facilia sunt.
The students stay in the library for a long time, because they want to learn even the things that are difficult, not only the things that are easy.
Sic populus in urbe tutus est, quia hostes foris manent et nocte taciti non intrant.
Thus the people in the city are safe, because the enemies stay outside and do not enter silently at night.
Discipuli libros legunt et cum magistro loquuntur; sic cotidie multum discunt, ut mentes eorum semper fortiores sint.
The students read books and talk with the teacher; thus every day they learn much, so that their minds may always be stronger.
Nos ante portam exspectamus, dum mater in foro est.
We wait in front of the gate while mother is in the forum.
Pater hodie occupatus est, sed puella opus domi facit.
Father is busy today, but the girl does the work at home.
Subito nuntius venit et dicit certum esse hostes prope urbem manere.
Suddenly a messenger comes and says that it is certain that enemies are staying near the city.
Imperator scit opus grave esse, sed pacem servare vult.
The emperor knows that the task is serious, but he wants to preserve peace.
Non sum certus discipulos paratos esse, sed magistra dicit eos paratos esse.
I am not sure that the students are ready, but the teacher says that they are ready.
Magistra dicit discipulas paratas esse et pacem servare velle, quamquam opus grave est.
The teacher says that the female students are ready and want to preserve peace, although the task is serious.
Ego puto caelum hodie clarum esse.
I think that the sky is bright today.
Hic locus prope pontem tutus est.
This place near the bridge is safe.
Magister id putat verum esse.
The teacher thinks it is true.
Magistra dicit disciplinam in schola utilem esse.
The teacher says that discipline is useful in the school.
Ego certus sum te veritatem dixisse.
I am sure that you told the truth.
Servus aquam calidam ad cubiculum ferre non potest, quia fessus est.
The servant cannot carry warm water to the bedroom, because he is tired.
Imperator certus est milites in oppido vigilare.
The emperor is sure that the soldiers are keeping watch in the town.
Magister dicit nuntium verum esse.
The teacher says that the message is true.
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