Learn Hardcore Latin: Ego sum laetus.

In Latin, the pronoun can be left out since the verb form tells you it’s “I.” Ego is added here for emphasis or clarity, to stress that it’s “I” who am happy.

Why is the adjective laetus used instead of laeta?

In Latin, adjectives agree in gender (among other aspects) with the person or thing they describe. Laetus is masculine, while laeta is feminine. If the speaker is male, laetus is appropriate; if the speaker is female, laeta should be used.

Which form of the verb sum is being used?

It’s the first-person singular present indicative form of esse (to be). It translates as “I am.”

Why does the adjective appear after the verb?

Latin word order is flexible compared to English. You could say Ego sum laetus, Laetus sum ego, or Sum laetus. The changes often affect emphasis more than meaning.

Is it acceptable to drop ego and just say Sum laetus?

Yes! In fact, it’s very common. Sum laetus still means “I am happy,” since the verb sum indicates the subject is “I.”