Usages of et
Puer legit et amicus videt.
The boy reads and the friend sees.
Ego video et tu vides.
I see and you see.
Discipulus et magister in via sunt.
The student and the teacher are on the road.
Mercator panem et vinum in villa cenat.
The merchant dines on bread and wine in the villa.
Soror et frater in horto flores vident.
The sister and brother see flowers in the garden.
Discipulus intrat et vinum magistro donat.
The student enters and gives wine to the teacher.
Pater et mater cum familia in villa laeti sunt.
Father and mother are happy with the family in the villa.
Filius et filia in oppido habitant.
(The son and daughter live in the town.)
Multi mercatores in foro ambulant et tabernas intrant.
(Many merchants walk in the forum and enter the shops.)
Iter longum est, et nos in oppidum festinamus.
(The journey is long, and we hurry to the town.)
Nos ad insulam navigamus, nautas salutamus et cibum parvum sumimus.
(We sail to the island, greet the sailors, and take a small amount of food.)
Nauta aquam bibit et cibum amat.
(The sailor drinks water and loves the food.)
In insula magna silva est, et multi senes ibi habitant.
(On the large island there is a forest, and many old men live there.)
Senex saepe in silva ambulat et caelum spectat.
(An old man often walks in the forest and looks at the sky.)
Discipula magistrae flores donat, et cum ea in horto sedet.
(The female student gives flowers to the female teacher, and sits with her in the garden.)
Nos cum magistra in oppidum ambulamus et forum intramus.
(We walk into the town with the teacher and enter the forum.)
Vos in urbe manetis et senes spectatis.
(You [plural] remain in the city and watch the old men.)
Nos laeti sumus, et multum laboramus.
(We are happy, and we work a lot.)
Magister in taberna panem et vinum videt.
The teacher sees bread and wine in the shop.
Vos aquam bibitis et discipulum salutatis.
You drink water and greet the student.
Miles fortis in via stat et ignem spectat.
(The brave soldier stands in the road and watches the fire.)
Marcus tamen fortis est et bellum non amat.
(However, Marcus is brave and does not love war.)
Femina timida ante templum stat et orat.
(The fearful woman stands before the temple and prays.)
Multi milites in oppido manent et imperatorem salutant.
(Many soldiers remain in the town and greet the emperor.)
Nuntius prope ignem sedet et “Possumus multum laborare!” clamat.
(The messenger sits near the fire and shouts: “We can work a lot!”)
Dea imperatori verbum pacis mittit, et imperator orat in templo.
(The goddess sends a word of peace to the emperor, and the emperor prays in the temple.)
Templum altum prope oppidum stat, et nuntius orat ibi.
(The tall temple stands near the town, and the messenger prays there.)
Mox puer fortis erit, et miles erit.
(Soon the boy will be brave, and he will be a soldier.)
Nuntius dicit: “Mox dea ad urbem ambulabit et templum laetum erit.”
(The messenger says: “Soon the goddess will walk to the city and the temple will be happy.”)
Magister dicit: “Discipuli multum student, et eorum mentes manent fortes.”
(The teacher says: “The students study a lot, and their minds remain strong.”)
Dea bellum non amat, imperator pacem amat, et nos omnes possumus dormire.
(The goddess does not love war, the emperor loves peace, and we all can sleep.)
Senex in provincia ambulat et caelum spectat.
The old man walks in the province and looks at the sky.
Senex saepe in horto orat et pacem sperat.
The old man often prays in the garden and hopes for peace.
Magister ante templum stat et orat.
The teacher stands before the temple and prays.
Omnes discipuli in horto sedent et libros legunt.
All the students sit in the garden and read books.
Nunc magister pacem amat et discipuli eum laudent.
Now the teacher loves peace and the students praise him.
Heri magister in schola multum docuit, et discipuli eum audiverunt.
Yesterday the (male) teacher taught a lot in the school, and the students listened to him.
In schola discipula et discipulus novam amicitiam faciunt, et amicitiam semper amant.
In the school a female student and a male student make a new friendship, and they always love the friendship.
Cum bona amicitia, laeti vivimus et timorem parvum sentimus.
With good friendship, we live happily and feel little fear.
Post scholam discipuli domum venerunt, et magistra matri tuae nuntium misit.
After school the students came home, and the female teacher sent a message to your mother.
Equus lente per viam ambulat, et puella eum lente spectat.
The horse walks slowly along the road, and the girl watches him slowly.
Cras magister ad scholam nuntium mittet et cum discipulis novam amicitiam faciet.
Tomorrow the teacher will send a message to the school and will make a new friendship with the students.
Cras puer et puella in horto cum amicis ridebunt.
Tomorrow the boy and the girl will laugh with their friends in the garden.
Post quietam noctem corpus discipulae non est triste, sed laborare vult et studere potest.
After a quiet night the female student's body is not sad, but it wants to work and is able to study.
In die laboramus et studemus, in nocte cum amicis sedemus et amicitiam sentimus.
In the day we work and study, in the night we sit with friends and feel friendship.
Nocte luna et multae stellae lucent.
At night the moon and many stars shine.
Mater vesperi fenestram claudit et domi manet.
In the evening mother closes the window and stays at home.
In cubiculo fenestra est, et puer eam vesperi claudit.
In the bedroom there is a window, and the boy closes it in the evening.
Mater respondet patri et dicit: "Puer foris currit."
Mother answers father and says: "The boy is running outside."
Mater puellae vestem albam dat, et pater puero vestem nigram dat.
Mother gives a white dress to the girl, and father gives a black garment to the boy.
Avia capillos longos et oculos claros habet.
Grandmother has long hair and bright eyes.
Avia, quae puellam amat, capillos pueri spectat et oculos eius laudat.
The grandmother, who loves the girl, looks at the boy's hair and praises his eyes.
Nocte obscura avia prope lucernam sedet et cantat.
On a dark night the grandmother sits near the lamp and sings.
Puella parva aviam audit, quae cantat, et lucernam obscuram spectat.
The little girl listens to her grandmother, who is singing, and looks at the dim lamp.
Pater rogat: "Cur domi manes et cum amicis non curris?"
Father asks: "Why do you stay at home and not run with your friends?"
Puella matrem rogat: "Quando fenestram aperies, et ubi avia cantabit?"
The girl asks mother: "When will you open the window, and where will grandmother sing?"
Mater respondet: "Nonne avia in horto cantabit, ubi luna et stellae lucent? Nunc fenestram aperio, ita lucerna clara erit."
Mother answers: "Won’t grandmother sing in the garden, where the moon and stars shine? Now I am opening the window, so the lamp will be bright."
In domo nostra magna ianua et paucae fenestrae sunt.
In our house there is a large door and few windows.
In cubiculo parvo lectus est, et prope fenestram sella stat.
In the small bedroom there is a bed, and near the window a chair stands.
Servus ianuam aperit, et dominus hospitem salutat.
The servant opens the door, and the master greets the guest.
Hospes cum domina sedet et fructus dulces in mensa videt.
The guest sits with the lady of the house and sees sweet fruits on the table.
Servus hospiti fructus dulces dat, et hospes eum laudat.
The servant gives sweet fruits to the guest, and the guest praises him.
Puer gaudium amat et ridet, puella autem iram timet.
The boy loves joy and laughs, but the girl fears anger.
Puer manus et pedes lavat, et mater caput eius spectat.
The boy washes his hands and feet, and mother looks at his head.
Mater aures pueri videt et dicit: "Aures tuae purae sunt."
Mother sees the boy's ears and says: "Your ears are clean."
Postquam pedes lavit, puer etiam aures lavat, et nunc aures purae sunt.
After he has washed his feet, the boy also washes his ears, and now his ears are clean.
Servus statim currit et celer est, domina autem lente ambulat et tarda est.
The servant runs immediately and is quick, but the lady walks slowly and is slow.
Puer celer ad scholam currit, sed puella tarda domi manet et statim dormit.
The boy runs quickly to school, but the girl, being slow, stays at home and immediately sleeps.
In schola magnum silentium est, et magister tacet.
In the school there is great silence, and the teacher is silent.
Magistra dicit: "Nolite clamare, sed tacete et silentium amate!"
The (female) teacher says: "Do not shout, but be silent and love the silence!"
Mater filiam vocat et dicit: "Veni huc, quaeso, et mihi veritatem dic."
Mother calls her daughter and says: "Come here, please, and tell me the truth."
Pater dicit filio: "Aperi ianuam, quaeso, et deinde in lecto sede."
Father says to his son: "Open the door, please, and then sit on the bed."
Magister discipulos vocat: "Nolite timere, pueri, et venite huc."
The teacher calls the students: "Do not be afraid, children, and come here."
Postquam domina fabulam narravit, pueri in lectis dormiunt et manus quietae sunt.
After the lady has told the story, the boys sleep in their beds and their hands are at rest.
Dominus et servus sine verbo sedent; dominus pedes fessos spectat, servus autem silentium amat.
The master and the servant sit without a word; the master looks at his tired feet, but the servant loves the silence.
In cena piscem et carnem parvam habemus.
At dinner we have fish and a little meat.
Mercator piscem vendit et magnum pretium petit.
The merchant sells fish and asks a high price.
Mater pecuniam numerat et piscem emere vult.
Mother counts the money and wants to buy fish.
Cotidie prima hora mater ad forum ambulat et panem emit.
Every day at the first hour mother walks to the forum and buys bread.
Olim infans saepe aegrota erat, et medica ad villam veniebat.
Once the baby was often sick, and a female doctor used to come to the villa.
Nunc medicus dicit infantem sanum esse et mater gaudet.
Now the male doctor says that the baby is healthy and mother rejoices.
Puella tunicam novam et calceos nigros habet.
The girl has a new tunic and black shoes.
Heri avia puero tunicam longam et calceos calidos dabat.
Yesterday grandmother was giving the boy a long tunic and warm shoes.
Vespere pueri et puellae in horto saltant et cantant.
In the evening the boys and girls dance and sing in the garden.
Post cenam servus in culina manet et cum coquo de die longo loquitur.
After dinner the servant stays in the kitchen and talks with the cook about the long day.
Postea dominus numerum pecuniae spectat et dicit pretium tunicae veteris esse nimium.
Afterwards the master looks at the amount of money and says that the price of the old tunic is too much.
Puer et puella novum ludum cum pila faciunt et diu rident, postea autem quieti sedent.
The boy and the girl make a new game with a ball and laugh for a long time, but afterwards they sit quietly.
Pater olim laboriosus agricola erat et tota die in agris laborabat.
Father once was a hardworking farmer and all day long he used to work in the fields.
Nunc mater laboriosior est quam pater, nam tota domus cura eius est et tamen gaudet.
Now mother is more hardworking than father, for the whole house is her responsibility and yet she rejoices.
Tertia hora puer aegrotus iam dormit, et medicus de cura eius cum matre loquitur.
At the third hour the sick boy is already sleeping, and the doctor talks with the mother about his care.
In via clamor mercatorum magnus est, sed in culina solum coquus et servus quiete loquuntur.
In the street the merchants’ noise is loud, but in the kitchen only the cook and the servant speak quietly.
Vespere familia in villa cenat et de die longo loquitur.
In the evening the family dines in the villa and talks about the long day.
In caelo multae nubes sunt, et pluvia lente cadit.
In the sky there are many clouds, and rain falls slowly.
Puella per fenestram nubes spectat et pluviam clare audit.
The girl looks at the clouds through the window and clearly hears the rain.
Magnum flumen inter oppidum et silvam est.
A great river is between the town and the forest.
Puer et puella per silvam ambulant et flumen clarum spectant.
The boy and the girl walk through the forest and look at the clear river.
In bibliotheca unus homo quiete sedet et librum veterem legit, igitur schola tota tacet.
In the library one person sits quietly and reads an old book, therefore the whole school is silent.
Discipulus domi manet ut verba difficilia iterum discat et postea facilius scribat.
The student stays at home so that he may learn the difficult words again and later write more easily.
In foro multi homines inter tabernas ambulant et de pretio loquuntur.
In the forum many people walk among the shops and talk about the price.
Inter flumen et viam parvus pons est, et pueri de ponte flumen spectant.
Between the river and the road there is a small bridge, and the boys look at the river from the bridge.
Avia lente per pontem ambulat, et puer ad pontem currit ut aviam iuvet.
Grandmother walks slowly across the bridge, and the boy runs to the bridge so that he may help grandmother.
Mater ianuam claudit ne infans foris exeat et ut domus tuta sit.
Mother closes the door so that the baby may not go outside and so that the house may be safe.
Vespere discipula libros et tabulam parat, ut cras in schola bene discere possit.
In the evening the female student prepares her books and her board, so that tomorrow she can learn well at school.
Puer dicit: "Hic hortus parvus est, ille autem hortus prope flumen magnus et pulcher est."
The boy says: "This garden is small, but that garden near the river is large and beautiful."
Sic populus in urbe tutus est, quia hostes foris manent et nocte taciti non intrant.
Thus the people in the city are safe, because the enemies stay outside and do not enter silently at night.
Discipuli libros legunt et cum magistro loquuntur; sic cotidie multum discunt, ut mentes eorum semper fortiores sint.
The students read books and talk with the teacher; thus every day they learn much, so that their minds may always be stronger.
Postea discipuli domum veniunt et cum familia de die longo loquuntur.
Afterwards the students come home and talk with the family about the long day.
Postquam epistulam legit, puer eam tollit et sorori ostendit.
After the boy reads the letter, he picks it up and shows it to his sister.
Puer matrem quaerit et rogat: “Cur ad forum festinas?”
The boy looks for his mother and asks: “Why are you hurrying to the forum?”
Servus epistulam ad ianuam fert, et domina eam laeta accipit.
A servant brings a letter to the door, and the mistress gladly receives it.
Magistra putat discipulos in bibliotheca sedere et tacere.
The female teacher thinks that the students are sitting in the library and keeping silent.
Discipuli credunt magistram verum dixisse, et eam libenter audiunt.
The students believe that the teacher has spoken the truth, and they gladly listen to her.
In illo loco prope portam puella sedet et epistulam iterum legit.
In that place near the gate the girl sits and reads the letter again.
Mater filiam vocat, ut auxilium ferat et librum e mensa tollat.
Mother calls her daughter, so that she may bring help and take the book from the table.
Magister consilium dat, et discipuli id sequi volunt: “Si verba nova discere vis, epistulas breves scribe.”
The teacher gives advice, and the students want to follow it: “If you want to learn new words, write short letters.”
Subito nuntius venit et dicit certum esse hostes prope urbem manere.
Suddenly a messenger comes and says that it is certain that enemies are staying near the city.
Puella sportam cum pane et aqua fert, ut amicam aegrotam auxilio iuvet.
The girl carries a basket with bread and water, so that she may help her sick friend.
Domina servum iterum iubet consilium sequi et epistulam mittere.
The mistress again orders the servant to follow the plan and send a letter.
Puer clavem invenit et matri dicit se eam in via invenisse.
The boy finds the key and tells his mother that he found it in the street.
Magistra dicit discipulas paratas esse et pacem servare velle, quamquam opus grave est.
The teacher says that the female students are ready and want to preserve peace, although the task is serious.
Puer verum dicit, et mater gaudet.
The boy tells the truth, and mother rejoices.
Servus clavem e via tollit et ad dominam portat.
The servant picks up the key from the road and carries it to the mistress.
Magister mihi consilium dat, et ego id sequi volo.
The teacher gives me advice, and I want to follow it.
Subito puer clamat et matri veritatem dicit.
Suddenly the boy shouts and tells his mother the truth.
In theatro actor in scaena stat et fabulam incipit.
In the theater an actor stands on the stage and begins a story.
Actrix in scaena respondet, et turba ridet.
An actress answers on the stage, and the crowd laughs.
Mox actrix cantat, et laetitia omnes laetos facit.
Soon the actress sings, and joy makes everyone happy.
Turba actoribus plaudit, et ego etiam plaudo.
The crowd applauds the actors, and I also applaud.
Spectaculo finito, amici per viam domum ambulant et de scaena loquuntur.
When the show is finished, friends walk home along the road and talk about the stage.
Servus linteum invenit et rogat: “Cuius est hoc linteum?”
The servant finds the towel and asks: “Whose towel is this?”
In foro iudex in alto loco sedet, et iudicium incipit.
In the forum the judge sits in a high place, and the trial begins.
Nuntius clam ad tabernam venit et mercatori consilium dat.
A messenger comes secretly to the shop and gives the merchant advice.
Discipula aperte dicit se mendacio non credere et testem audire velle.
The female student openly says that she does not believe a lie and wants to hear the witness.
Mercator clam epistulam sub mensa relinquit, sed servus eam tollit et dominam vocat.
The merchant secretly leaves a letter under the table, but the servant picks it up and calls the mistress.
Mercator autem se defendere vult et dicit se veritatem semper dicere.
The merchant, however, wants to defend himself and says that he always tells the truth.
Iudicio finito, turba lente domum ambulat, et pax in foro manet.
When the trial is finished, the crowd walks home slowly, and peace remains in the forum.
Post iudicium actrix iterum in scaena stat, et turba ei plaudit; laetitia in turba manet.
After the trial the actress again stands on the stage, and the crowd applauds her; joy remains in the crowd.
Ianua aperta est, et hospes intrat.
The door is open, and the guest enters.
Puella linteum in sporta fert et ad thermas festinat.
The girl carries a towel in a basket and hurries to the baths.
Puer tunicam puram induit et ad scholam currit.
The boy puts on a clean tunic and runs to the school.
Puer in alto ponte stat et flumen spectat.
The boy stands on the high bridge and looks at the river.
Nuntius auditus est, et turba tacet.
The messenger has been heard, and the crowd is silent.
Servus librum in bibliotheca invenit et dominam vocat.
The servant finds a book in the library and calls the mistress.
Post cenam mater in horto orat et pacem sperat.
After dinner mother prays in the garden and hopes for peace.
Domina servum vocat, et servus statim venit.
The mistress calls the servant, and the servant comes at once.
Ianua villae aperta est, et nos intramus.
The door of the villa is open, and we enter.
Pax in urbe manet, et nos in foro laeti sedemus.
Peace remains in the city, and we sit happily in the forum.
Hospes ante ianuam stat et servum vocat.
The guest stands before the door and calls the servant.
Duo cives in portu stant et venditorem vocant.
Two citizens stand in the harbor and call the seller.
Venditor piscem et panem civibus vendit, nummos parvos accipit, sed pretium minuere non vult.
The seller sells fish and bread to the citizens, receives small coins, but does not want to lower the price.
In foro statua imperatoris alta est, et multi eam spectant.
In the forum there is a tall statue of the emperor, and many people look at it.
Miles arma nova tenet: gladium novum tenet et scutum laudat.
A soldier holds new weapons: he holds a new sword and praises the shield.
Ianitor ante portam urbis sedet et viatores interrogat.
A doorkeeper sits before the city gate and questions travelers.
Cum ianitor nomen viatoris audivisset, portam aperuit et eum intrare iussit.
When the doorkeeper had heard the traveler’s name, he opened the gate and ordered him to enter.
Tabellarius per viam celeriter currit et epistulam in sacculo portat.
A letter-carrier runs quickly along the road and carries a letter in a bag.
Domina sacculum tabellarii aperit et medicamentum invenit.
The mistress opens the letter-carrier’s bag and finds medicine.
Puer morbo gravi laborat, sed mater sperat medicamentum morbum levare et eum mox sanari.
The boy suffers from a serious illness, but mother hopes the medicine will relieve the illness and that he will soon be healed.
Medicus matrem in cubiculum ducit, puerum sanat, et post paucos dies puer iterum in horto ludit.
The doctor leads the mother into the bedroom, heals the boy, and after a few days the boy plays in the garden again.
Postea clamor in foro iterum minuitur, quia iudex testem interrogat et tacere iubet.
Afterward the noise in the forum decreases again, because the judge questions the witness and orders everyone to be silent.
In atrio domina cum hospite sedet et vinum miscet.
In the atrium the mistress sits with a guest and mixes wine.
Ea epistulam accipit et matri ostendit.
She receives a letter and shows it to her mother.
Idem ianitor portam aperit et viatorem intrare iubet.
The same doorkeeper opens the gate and orders the traveler to enter.
Faber ad forum ambulat et scutum in sporta portat.
The craftsman walks to the forum and carries a shield in a basket.
Servus ex culina exit et ad forum ambulat.
The servant goes out of the kitchen and walks to the forum.
Puer clavem tenet et ianuam aperit.
The boy holds the key and opens the door.
Postea puella fenestram claudit et in cubiculo quiete sedet.
Afterward the girl closes the window and sits quietly in the bedroom.
Servus statim ex atrio exit et ianuam claudit.
The servant immediately goes out of the atrium and closes the door.
Puer ex cubiculo currit et matrem vocat.
The boy runs out of the bedroom and calls his mother.
In mercatu panem, caseum, et olivas emit, et sporta eius plena est.
In the market she buys bread, cheese, and olives, and her basket is full.
Puer dicit se sitim sentire et lac bibere velle.
The boy says that he feels thirst and wants to drink milk.
Hospes rogat cur amphora tam cito vacua facta sit, et caupo dicit vinum hodie deesse.
The guest asks why the jar became empty so quickly, and the innkeeper says that wine is lacking today.
Puella audax in caupona sedet et panem cum caseo edit.
The bold girl sits in the inn and eats bread with cheese.
Post cenam amici in eadem caupona conveniunt et de itinere loquuntur.
After dinner friends meet in the same inn and talk about the journey.
Mater dicit ventum mox desiturum esse, et nos in horto exspectamus.
Mother says the wind will soon stop, and we wait in the garden.
Puer in carru sedet, et mater dicit se ad villam aviae ire.
The boy sits in the cart, and mother says that she is going to grandmother’s villa.
Post paucos dies puer quoque equitat, et equus eum bene portat.
After a few days the boy also rides, and the horse carries him well.
Uxor et maritus simul ad forum ambulant.
The wife and the husband walk together to the forum.
Uxor gaudet, quia vicina et serva simul rident.
The wife rejoices, because the neighbor and the female servant laugh together.
Ianua a serva aperitur, et hospes in atrium ducitur.
The door is opened by the female servant, and the guest is led into the atrium.
Donum a vicina traditur, et ab uxore libenter accipitur.
The gift is handed over by the neighbor, and it is gladly received by the wife.
Aliquis ante ianuam stat et vicinum vocat.
Someone stands before the door and calls the neighbor.
Puella quoque conatur, et tandem annulum sub mensa invenit.
The girl also tries, and finally finds the ring under the table.
Discipula respondet se tandem intellegere et libenter discere.
The female student answers that she finally understands and gladly learns.
Mater puerum mane excitat, et pater puellam deinde excitat.
Mother wakes the boy in the morning, and father then wakes the girl.
Miles portam custodit, et cives eum laudant.
The soldier guards the gate, and the citizens praise him.
Serva sportam in officina ponit et dicit se postea donum capere velle.
The female servant puts a basket in the workshop and says that she wants to take the gift later.
Maritus et uxor simul cenam parant, quia hospes tandem venit.
The husband and wife prepare dinner together, because the guest finally arrives.
Postquam canis annulum capit, serva et vicina simul currunt et annulum uxori tradunt.
After the dog takes the ring, the female servant and the neighbor run together and hand the ring to the wife.
Mater puerum mane excitat, et puer statim tunicam puram induit.
Mother wakes the boy in the morning, and the boy immediately puts on a clean tunic.
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