Usages of et
Puer legit et amicus videt.
The boy reads and the friend sees.
Ego video et tu vides.
I see and you see.
Discipulus et magister in via sunt.
The student and the teacher are on the road.
Mercator panem et vinum in villa cenat.
The merchant dines on bread and wine in the villa.
Soror et frater in horto flores vident.
The sister and brother see flowers in the garden.
Discipulus intrat et vinum magistro donat.
The student enters and gives wine to the teacher.
Pater et mater cum familia in villa laeti sunt.
Father and mother are happy with the family in the villa.
Filius et filia in oppido habitant.
(The son and daughter live in the town.)
Multi mercatores in foro ambulant et tabernas intrant.
(Many merchants walk in the forum and enter the shops.)
Iter longum est, et nos in oppidum festinamus.
(The journey is long, and we hurry to the town.)
Nos ad insulam navigamus, nautas salutamus et cibum parvum sumimus.
(We sail to the island, greet the sailors, and take a small amount of food.)
Nauta aquam bibit et cibum amat.
(The sailor drinks water and loves the food.)
In insula magna silva est, et multi senes ibi habitant.
(On the large island there is a forest, and many old men live there.)
Senex saepe in silva ambulat et caelum spectat.
(An old man often walks in the forest and looks at the sky.)
Discipula magistrae flores donat, et cum ea in horto sedet.
(The female student gives flowers to the female teacher, and sits with her in the garden.)
Nos cum magistra in oppidum ambulamus et forum intramus.
(We walk into the town with the teacher and enter the forum.)
Vos in urbe manetis et senes spectatis.
(You [plural] remain in the city and watch the old men.)
Nos laeti sumus, et multum laboramus.
(We are happy, and we work a lot.)
Magister in taberna panem et vinum videt.
The teacher sees bread and wine in the shop.
Vos aquam bibitis et discipulum salutatis.
You drink water and greet the student.
Miles fortis in via stat et ignem spectat.
(The brave soldier stands in the road and watches the fire.)
Marcus tamen fortis est et bellum non amat.
(However, Marcus is brave and does not love war.)
Femina timida ante templum stat et orat.
(The fearful woman stands before the temple and prays.)
Multi milites in oppido manent et imperatorem salutant.
(Many soldiers remain in the town and greet the emperor.)
Nuntius prope ignem sedet et “Possumus multum laborare!” clamat.
(The messenger sits near the fire and shouts: “We can work a lot!”)
Dea imperatori verbum pacis mittit, et imperator orat in templo.
(The goddess sends a word of peace to the emperor, and the emperor prays in the temple.)
Templum altum prope oppidum stat, et nuntius orat ibi.
(The tall temple stands near the town, and the messenger prays there.)
Mox puer fortis erit, et miles erit.
(Soon the boy will be brave, and he will be a soldier.)
Nuntius dicit: “Mox dea ad urbem ambulabit et templum laetum erit.”
(The messenger says: “Soon the goddess will walk to the city and the temple will be happy.”)
Magister dicit: “Discipuli multum student, et eorum mentes manent fortes.”
(The teacher says: “The students study a lot, and their minds remain strong.”)
Dea bellum non amat, imperator pacem amat, et nos omnes possumus dormire.
(The goddess does not love war, the emperor loves peace, and we all can sleep.)
Senex in provincia ambulat et caelum spectat.
The old man walks in the province and looks at the sky.
Senex saepe in horto orat et pacem sperat.
The old man often prays in the garden and hopes for peace.
Magister ante templum stat et orat.
The teacher stands before the temple and prays.
Omnes discipuli in horto sedent et libros legunt.
All the students sit in the garden and read books.
Nunc magister pacem amat et discipuli eum laudent.
Now the teacher loves peace and the students praise him.
Heri magister in schola multum docuit, et discipuli eum audiverunt.
Yesterday the (male) teacher taught a lot in the school, and the students listened to him.
In schola discipula et discipulus novam amicitiam faciunt, et amicitiam semper amant.
In the school a female student and a male student make a new friendship, and they always love the friendship.
Cum bona amicitia, laeti vivimus et timorem parvum sentimus.
With good friendship, we live happily and feel little fear.
Post scholam discipuli domum venerunt, et magistra matri tuae nuntium misit.
After school the students came home, and the female teacher sent a message to your mother.
Equus lente per viam ambulat, et puella eum lente spectat.
The horse walks slowly along the road, and the girl watches him slowly.
Cras magister ad scholam nuntium mittet et cum discipulis novam amicitiam faciet.
Tomorrow the teacher will send a message to the school and will make a new friendship with the students.
Cras puer et puella in horto cum amicis ridebunt.
Tomorrow the boy and the girl will laugh with their friends in the garden.
Post quietam noctem corpus discipulae non est triste, sed laborare vult et studere potest.
After a quiet night the female student's body is not sad, but it wants to work and is able to study.
In die laboramus et studemus, in nocte cum amicis sedemus et amicitiam sentimus.
In the day we work and study, in the night we sit with friends and feel friendship.
Nocte luna et multae stellae lucent.
At night the moon and many stars shine.
Mater vesperi fenestram claudit et domi manet.
In the evening mother closes the window and stays at home.
In cubiculo fenestra est, et puer eam vesperi claudit.
In the bedroom there is a window, and the boy closes it in the evening.
Mater respondet patri et dicit: "Puer foris currit."
Mother answers father and says: "The boy is running outside."
Mater puellae vestem albam dat, et pater puero vestem nigram dat.
Mother gives a white dress to the girl, and father gives a black garment to the boy.
Avia capillos longos et oculos claros habet.
Grandmother has long hair and bright eyes.
Avia, quae puellam amat, capillos pueri spectat et oculos eius laudat.
The grandmother, who loves the girl, looks at the boy's hair and praises his eyes.
Nocte obscura avia prope lucernam sedet et cantat.
On a dark night the grandmother sits near the lamp and sings.
Puella parva aviam audit, quae cantat, et lucernam obscuram spectat.
The little girl listens to her grandmother, who is singing, and looks at the dim lamp.
Pater rogat: "Cur domi manes et cum amicis non curris?"
Father asks: "Why do you stay at home and not run with your friends?"
Puella matrem rogat: "Quando fenestram aperies, et ubi avia cantabit?"
The girl asks mother: "When will you open the window, and where will grandmother sing?"
Mater respondet: "Nonne avia in horto cantabit, ubi luna et stellae lucent? Nunc fenestram aperio, ita lucerna clara erit."
Mother answers: "Won’t grandmother sing in the garden, where the moon and stars shine? Now I am opening the window, so the lamp will be bright."
In domo nostra magna ianua et paucae fenestrae sunt.
In our house there is a large door and few windows.
In cubiculo parvo lectus est, et prope fenestram sella stat.
In the small bedroom there is a bed, and near the window a chair stands.
Servus ianuam aperit, et dominus hospitem salutat.
The servant opens the door, and the master greets the guest.
Hospes cum domina sedet et fructus dulces in mensa videt.
The guest sits with the lady of the house and sees sweet fruits on the table.
Servus hospiti fructus dulces dat, et hospes eum laudat.
The servant gives sweet fruits to the guest, and the guest praises him.
Puer gaudium amat et ridet, puella autem iram timet.
The boy loves joy and laughs, but the girl fears anger.
Puer manus et pedes lavat, et mater caput eius spectat.
The boy washes his hands and feet, and mother looks at his head.
Mater aures pueri videt et dicit: "Aures tuae purae sunt."
Mother sees the boy's ears and says: "Your ears are clean."
Postquam pedes lavit, puer etiam aures lavat, et nunc aures purae sunt.
After he has washed his feet, the boy also washes his ears, and now his ears are clean.
Servus statim currit et celer est, domina autem lente ambulat et tarda est.
The servant runs immediately and is quick, but the lady walks slowly and is slow.
Puer celer ad scholam currit, sed puella tarda domi manet et statim dormit.
The boy runs quickly to school, but the girl, being slow, stays at home and immediately sleeps.
In schola magnum silentium est, et magister tacet.
In the school there is great silence, and the teacher is silent.
Magistra dicit: "Nolite clamare, sed tacete et silentium amate!"
The (female) teacher says: "Do not shout, but be silent and love the silence!"
Mater filiam vocat et dicit: "Veni huc, quaeso, et mihi veritatem dic."
Mother calls her daughter and says: "Come here, please, and tell me the truth."
Pater dicit filio: "Aperi ianuam, quaeso, et deinde in lecto sede."
Father says to his son: "Open the door, please, and then sit on the bed."
Magister discipulos vocat: "Nolite timere, pueri, et venite huc."
The teacher calls the students: "Do not be afraid, children, and come here."
Postquam domina fabulam narravit, pueri in lectis dormiunt et manus quietae sunt.
After the lady has told the story, the boys sleep in their beds and their hands are at rest.
Dominus et servus sine verbo sedent; dominus pedes fessos spectat, servus autem silentium amat.
The master and the servant sit without a word; the master looks at his tired feet, but the servant loves the silence.
In cena piscem et carnem parvam habemus.
At dinner we have fish and a little meat.
Mercator piscem vendit et magnum pretium petit.
The merchant sells fish and asks a high price.
Mater pecuniam numerat et piscem emere vult.
Mother counts the money and wants to buy fish.
Cotidie prima hora mater ad forum ambulat et panem emit.
Every day at the first hour mother walks to the forum and buys bread.
Olim infans saepe aegrota erat, et medica ad villam veniebat.
Once the baby was often sick, and a female doctor used to come to the villa.
Nunc medicus dicit infantem sanum esse et mater gaudet.
Now the male doctor says that the baby is healthy and mother rejoices.
Puella tunicam novam et calceos nigros habet.
The girl has a new tunic and black shoes.
Heri avia puero tunicam longam et calceos calidos dabat.
Yesterday grandmother was giving the boy a long tunic and warm shoes.
Vespere pueri et puellae in horto saltant et cantant.
In the evening the boys and girls dance and sing in the garden.
Post cenam servus in culina manet et cum coquo de die longo loquitur.
After dinner the servant stays in the kitchen and talks with the cook about the long day.
Postea dominus numerum pecuniae spectat et dicit pretium tunicae veteris esse nimium.
Afterwards the master looks at the amount of money and says that the price of the old tunic is too much.
Puer et puella novum ludum cum pila faciunt et diu rident, postea autem quieti sedent.
The boy and the girl make a new game with a ball and laugh for a long time, but afterwards they sit quietly.
Pater olim laboriosus agricola erat et tota die in agris laborabat.
Father once was a hardworking farmer and all day long he used to work in the fields.
Nunc mater laboriosior est quam pater, nam tota domus cura eius est et tamen gaudet.
Now mother is more hardworking than father, for the whole house is her responsibility and yet she rejoices.
Tertia hora puer aegrotus iam dormit, et medicus de cura eius cum matre loquitur.
At the third hour the sick boy is already sleeping, and the doctor talks with the mother about his care.
In via clamor mercatorum magnus est, sed in culina solum coquus et servus quiete loquuntur.
In the street the merchants’ noise is loud, but in the kitchen only the cook and the servant speak quietly.
Vespere familia in villa cenat et de die longo loquitur.
In the evening the family dines in the villa and talks about the long day.
In caelo multae nubes sunt, et pluvia lente cadit.
In the sky there are many clouds, and rain falls slowly.
Puella per fenestram nubes spectat et pluviam clare audit.
The girl looks at the clouds through the window and clearly hears the rain.
Magnum flumen inter oppidum et silvam est.
A great river is between the town and the forest.
Puer et puella per silvam ambulant et flumen clarum spectant.
The boy and the girl walk through the forest and look at the clear river.
In bibliotheca unus homo quiete sedet et librum veterem legit, igitur schola tota tacet.
In the library one person sits quietly and reads an old book, therefore the whole school is silent.
Discipulus domi manet ut verba difficilia iterum discat et postea facilius scribat.
The student stays at home so that he may learn the difficult words again and later write more easily.
In foro multi homines inter tabernas ambulant et de pretio loquuntur.
In the forum many people walk among the shops and talk about the price.
Inter flumen et viam parvus pons est, et pueri de ponte flumen spectant.
Between the river and the road there is a small bridge, and the boys look at the river from the bridge.
Avia lente per pontem ambulat, et puer ad pontem currit ut aviam iuvet.
Grandmother walks slowly across the bridge, and the boy runs to the bridge so that he may help grandmother.
Mater ianuam claudit ne infans foris exeat et ut domus tuta sit.
Mother closes the door so that the baby may not go outside and so that the house may be safe.
Vespere discipula libros et tabulam parat, ut cras in schola bene discere possit.
In the evening the female student prepares her books and her board, so that tomorrow she can learn well at school.
Puer dicit: "Hic hortus parvus est, ille autem hortus prope flumen magnus et pulcher est."
The boy says: "This garden is small, but that garden near the river is large and beautiful."
Sic populus in urbe tutus est, quia hostes foris manent et nocte taciti non intrant.
Thus the people in the city are safe, because the enemies stay outside and do not enter silently at night.
Discipuli libros legunt et cum magistro loquuntur; sic cotidie multum discunt, ut mentes eorum semper fortiores sint.
The students read books and talk with the teacher; thus every day they learn much, so that their minds may always be stronger.
Postea discipuli domum veniunt et cum familia de die longo loquuntur.
Afterwards the students come home and talk with the family about the long day.
Postquam epistulam legit, puer eam tollit et sorori ostendit.
After the boy reads the letter, he picks it up and shows it to his sister.
Puer matrem quaerit et rogat: “Cur ad forum festinas?”
The boy looks for his mother and asks: “Why are you hurrying to the forum?”
Servus epistulam ad ianuam fert, et domina eam laeta accipit.
A servant brings a letter to the door, and the mistress gladly receives it.
Magistra putat discipulos in bibliotheca sedere et tacere.
The female teacher thinks that the students are sitting in the library and keeping silent.
Discipuli credunt magistram verum dixisse, et eam libenter audiunt.
The students believe that the teacher has spoken the truth, and they gladly listen to her.
In illo loco prope portam puella sedet et epistulam iterum legit.
In that place near the gate the girl sits and reads the letter again.
Mater filiam vocat, ut auxilium ferat et librum e mensa tollat.
Mother calls her daughter, so that she may bring help and take the book from the table.
Magister consilium dat, et discipuli id sequi volunt: “Si verba nova discere vis, epistulas breves scribe.”
The teacher gives advice, and the students want to follow it: “If you want to learn new words, write short letters.”
Subito nuntius venit et dicit certum esse hostes prope urbem manere.
Suddenly a messenger comes and says that it is certain that enemies are staying near the city.
Puella sportam cum pane et aqua fert, ut amicam aegrotam auxilio iuvet.
The girl carries a basket with bread and water, so that she may help her sick friend.
Domina servum iterum iubet consilium sequi et epistulam mittere.
The mistress again orders the servant to follow the plan and send a letter.
Puer clavem invenit et matri dicit se eam in via invenisse.
The boy finds the key and tells his mother that he found it in the street.
Magistra dicit discipulas paratas esse et pacem servare velle, quamquam opus grave est.
The teacher says that the female students are ready and want to preserve peace, although the task is serious.
Puer verum dicit, et mater gaudet.
The boy tells the truth, and mother rejoices.
Servus clavem e via tollit et ad dominam portat.
The servant picks up the key from the road and carries it to the mistress.
Magister mihi consilium dat, et ego id sequi volo.
The teacher gives me advice, and I want to follow it.
Subito puer clamat et matri veritatem dicit.
Suddenly the boy shouts and tells his mother the truth.
In theatro actor in scaena stat et fabulam incipit.
In the theater an actor stands on the stage and begins a story.
Actrix in scaena respondet, et turba ridet.
An actress answers on the stage, and the crowd laughs.
Mox actrix cantat, et laetitia omnes laetos facit.
Soon the actress sings, and joy makes everyone happy.
Turba actoribus plaudit, et ego etiam plaudo.
The crowd applauds the actors, and I also applaud.
Spectaculo finito, amici per viam domum ambulant et de scaena loquuntur.
When the show is finished, friends walk home along the road and talk about the stage.
Servus linteum invenit et rogat: “Cuius est hoc linteum?”
The servant finds the towel and asks: “Whose towel is this?”
In foro iudex in alto loco sedet, et iudicium incipit.
In the forum the judge sits in a high place, and the trial begins.
Nuntius clam ad tabernam venit et mercatori consilium dat.
A messenger comes secretly to the shop and gives the merchant advice.
Discipula aperte dicit se mendacio non credere et testem audire velle.
The female student openly says that she does not believe a lie and wants to hear the witness.
Mercator clam epistulam sub mensa relinquit, sed servus eam tollit et dominam vocat.
The merchant secretly leaves a letter under the table, but the servant picks it up and calls the mistress.
Mercator autem se defendere vult et dicit se veritatem semper dicere.
The merchant, however, wants to defend himself and says that he always tells the truth.
Iudicio finito, turba lente domum ambulat, et pax in foro manet.
When the trial is finished, the crowd walks home slowly, and peace remains in the forum.
Post iudicium actrix iterum in scaena stat, et turba ei plaudit; laetitia in turba manet.
After the trial the actress again stands on the stage, and the crowd applauds her; joy remains in the crowd.
Ianua aperta est, et hospes intrat.
The door is open, and the guest enters.
Puella linteum in sporta fert et ad thermas festinat.
The girl carries a towel in a basket and hurries to the baths.
Puer tunicam puram induit et ad scholam currit.
The boy puts on a clean tunic and runs to the school.
Puer in alto ponte stat et flumen spectat.
The boy stands on the high bridge and looks at the river.
Nuntius auditus est, et turba tacet.
The messenger has been heard, and the crowd is silent.
Servus librum in bibliotheca invenit et dominam vocat.
The servant finds a book in the library and calls the mistress.
Post cenam mater in horto orat et pacem sperat.
After dinner mother prays in the garden and hopes for peace.
Domina servum vocat, et servus statim venit.
The mistress calls the servant, and the servant comes at once.
Ianua villae aperta est, et nos intramus.
The door of the villa is open, and we enter.
Pax in urbe manet, et nos in foro laeti sedemus.
Peace remains in the city, and we sit happily in the forum.
Hospes ante ianuam stat et servum vocat.
The guest stands before the door and calls the servant.
Duo cives in portu stant et venditorem vocant.
Two citizens stand in the harbor and call the seller.
Venditor piscem et panem civibus vendit, nummos parvos accipit, sed pretium minuere non vult.
The seller sells fish and bread to the citizens, receives small coins, but does not want to lower the price.
In foro statua imperatoris alta est, et multi eam spectant.
In the forum there is a tall statue of the emperor, and many people look at it.
Miles arma nova tenet: gladium novum tenet et scutum laudat.
A soldier holds new weapons: he holds a new sword and praises the shield.
Ianitor ante portam urbis sedet et viatores interrogat.
A doorkeeper sits before the city gate and questions travelers.
Cum ianitor nomen viatoris audivisset, portam aperuit et eum intrare iussit.
When the doorkeeper had heard the traveler’s name, he opened the gate and ordered him to enter.
Tabellarius per viam celeriter currit et epistulam in sacculo portat.
A letter-carrier runs quickly along the road and carries a letter in a bag.
Domina sacculum tabellarii aperit et medicamentum invenit.
The mistress opens the letter-carrier’s bag and finds medicine.
Puer morbo gravi laborat, sed mater sperat medicamentum morbum levare et eum mox sanari.
The boy suffers from a serious illness, but mother hopes the medicine will relieve the illness and that he will soon be healed.
Medicus matrem in cubiculum ducit, puerum sanat, et post paucos dies puer iterum in horto ludit.
The doctor leads the mother into the bedroom, heals the boy, and after a few days the boy plays in the garden again.
Postea clamor in foro iterum minuitur, quia iudex testem interrogat et tacere iubet.
Afterward the noise in the forum decreases again, because the judge questions the witness and orders everyone to be silent.
In atrio domina cum hospite sedet et vinum miscet.
In the atrium the mistress sits with a guest and mixes wine.
Ea epistulam accipit et matri ostendit.
She receives a letter and shows it to her mother.
Idem ianitor portam aperit et viatorem intrare iubet.
The same doorkeeper opens the gate and orders the traveler to enter.
Faber ad forum ambulat et scutum in sporta portat.
The craftsman walks to the forum and carries a shield in a basket.
Servus ex culina exit et ad forum ambulat.
The servant goes out of the kitchen and walks to the forum.
Puer clavem tenet et ianuam aperit.
The boy holds the key and opens the door.
Postea puella fenestram claudit et in cubiculo quiete sedet.
Afterward the girl closes the window and sits quietly in the bedroom.
Servus statim ex atrio exit et ianuam claudit.
The servant immediately goes out of the atrium and closes the door.
Puer ex cubiculo currit et matrem vocat.
The boy runs out of the bedroom and calls his mother.
In mercatu panem, caseum, et olivas emit, et sporta eius plena est.
In the market she buys bread, cheese, and olives, and her basket is full.
Puer dicit se sitim sentire et lac bibere velle.
The boy says that he feels thirst and wants to drink milk.
Hospes rogat cur amphora tam cito vacua facta sit, et caupo dicit vinum hodie deesse.
The guest asks why the jar became empty so quickly, and the innkeeper says that wine is lacking today.
Puella audax in caupona sedet et panem cum caseo edit.
The bold girl sits in the inn and eats bread with cheese.
Post cenam amici in eadem caupona conveniunt et de itinere loquuntur.
After dinner friends meet in the same inn and talk about the journey.
Mater dicit ventum mox desiturum esse, et nos in horto exspectamus.
Mother says the wind will soon stop, and we wait in the garden.
Puer in carru sedet, et mater dicit se ad villam aviae ire.
The boy sits in the cart, and mother says that she is going to grandmother’s villa.
Post paucos dies puer quoque equitat, et equus eum bene portat.
After a few days the boy also rides, and the horse carries him well.
Uxor et maritus simul ad forum ambulant.
The wife and the husband walk together to the forum.
Uxor gaudet, quia vicina et serva simul rident.
The wife rejoices, because the neighbor and the female servant laugh together.
Ianua a serva aperitur, et hospes in atrium ducitur.
The door is opened by the female servant, and the guest is led into the atrium.
Donum a vicina traditur, et ab uxore libenter accipitur.
The gift is handed over by the neighbor, and it is gladly received by the wife.
Aliquis ante ianuam stat et vicinum vocat.
Someone stands before the door and calls the neighbor.
Puella quoque conatur, et tandem annulum sub mensa invenit.
The girl also tries, and finally finds the ring under the table.
Discipula respondet se tandem intellegere et libenter discere.
The female student answers that she finally understands and gladly learns.
Mater puerum mane excitat, et pater puellam deinde excitat.
Mother wakes the boy in the morning, and father then wakes the girl.
Miles portam custodit, et cives eum laudant.
The soldier guards the gate, and the citizens praise him.
Serva sportam in officina ponit et dicit se postea donum capere velle.
The female servant puts a basket in the workshop and says that she wants to take the gift later.
Maritus et uxor simul cenam parant, quia hospes tandem venit.
The husband and wife prepare dinner together, because the guest finally arrives.
Postquam canis annulum capit, serva et vicina simul currunt et annulum uxori tradunt.
After the dog takes the ring, the female servant and the neighbor run together and hand the ring to the wife.
Mater puerum mane excitat, et puer statim tunicam puram induit.
Mother wakes the boy in the morning, and the boy immediately puts on a clean tunic.
In ientaculo mater calicem lactis et patinam cum pane filiae dat.
At breakfast mother gives her daughter a cup of milk and a plate with bread.
Puer dicit se famem sentire et matrem rogare ut sibi panem det.
The boy says that he feels hunger and asks his mother to give him bread.
Post ientaculum serva calices et patinas lavat, dum domina in atrio epistulam legit.
After breakfast the female servant washes the cups and plates, while the mistress reads a letter in the atrium.
Discipula chartam in mensa ponit et stilum quaerit.
The female student puts the paper on the table and looks for the stylus.
Magistra unam quaestionem ponit, et discipula breve responsum dat.
The teacher asks one question, and the female student gives a short answer.
Cum pluvia desiit, uxor et maritus ad villam redierunt.
When the rain stopped, the wife and the husband returned to the villa.
Puer canem prope murum videt, et puella tectum altum spectat.
The boy sees a dog near the wall, and the girl looks at the high roof.
Avia per scalas lente ambulat, et puer prope gradus eam exspectat.
Grandmother walks slowly on the stairs, and the boy waits for her near the steps.
Hiems longa est, et nix ante ianuam manet.
Winter is long, and snow remains before the door.
Hac hieme nix in tecto manet, et servi ianuam saepe claudunt.
In this winter snow remains on the roof, and the servants often close the door.
Post hiemem ver venit, et puellae flores in horto iterum vident.
After winter spring comes, and the girls see flowers in the garden again.
Avus puero dicit: “Si chartam et stilum habes, epistulam hodie scribe et cras ad me redi.”
Grandfather says to the boy: “If you have paper and a stylus, write a letter today and return to me tomorrow.”
Mater dicit pluviam mox desituram esse, et pueri foris ludere poterunt.
Mother says that the rain will soon stop, and the boys will be able to play outside.
Avia per scalas lente ambulat, et puer eam ducit.
Grandmother walks slowly on the stairs, and the boy leads her.
Aestate multi ad litus veniunt et in arena sedent.
In summer many people come to the shore and sit on the sand.
Puella in arena ludit, et frater eius prope litus ambulat.
The girl plays on the sand, and her brother walks near the shore.
In campo alta arbor stat, et pueri sub umbra eius legunt.
In the field a tall tree stands, and the boys read under its shade.
In campo multa herba est, et oves in herba stant.
In the field there is much grass, and the sheep stand in the grass.
Folium de arbore cadit et in terra manet.
A leaf falls from the tree and remains on the ground.
In aestate calor magnus est, et pueri frigus aquae amant.
In summer the heat is great, and the boys like the coolness of the water.
Parentes pueros et puellas bonos mores docent.
Parents teach boys and girls good manners.
Boni discipuli magistris parent, quia disciplina et mos in schola utiles sunt.
Good students obey their teachers, because discipline and custom are useful in school.
Puella dicit se culpam habere, et magistra ei poenam parvam dat.
The girl says that she is at fault, and the teacher gives her a small punishment.
Non poena, sed praemium pueros saepe laetos facit, et pueri officium suum melius faciunt.
Not punishment but reward often makes the boys happy, and the boys do their duty better.
Magister in tabula exemplum bonum scribit, et discipuli id in charta scribunt.
The teacher writes a good example on the board, and the students write it on paper.
Cum aestas venisset, parentes pueros ad litus duxerunt, et pueri in arena diu luserunt.
When summer had come, the parents led the boys to the shore, and the boys played on the sand for a long time.
Cum calor magnus esset, nos sub umbra arborum sedebamus et aquam bibebamus.
When the heat was great, we were sitting under the shade of the trees and drinking water.
Cum autumnus venisset, puella per campum ambulavit et multa folia in terra vidit.
When autumn had come, the girl walked through the field and saw many leaves on the ground.
Cum parentes domum rediissent, mater de monte et valle fabulam narravit.
When the parents had returned home, mother told a story about a mountain and a valley.
Terra post pluviam bona est, et herba in campo alta est.
The ground is good after the rain, and the grass in the field is tall.
Parentes dicunt bonos mores in domo et in schola servandos esse.
The parents say that good manners must be kept at home and at school.
Hieme avia frigus timet et domi manet.
In winter grandmother fears the cold and stays at home.
Parentes dicunt disciplinam in schola et in domo utilem esse.
The parents say that discipline is useful in school and at home.
Puella in speculo vultum suum et os parvum spectat.
The girl looks at her face and small mouth in the mirror.
Puer os aperit, et medica dentes eius spectat.
The boy opens his mouth, and the doctor looks at his teeth.
Puer nasum lavat et bracchium suum prope ignem tenet.
The boy washes his nose and holds his arm near the fire.
Soror digitum matri ostendit et bracchium lavat.
The sister shows her finger to mother and washes her arm.
Avia ridet et dicit se paucos dentes habere, sed adhuc panem edere posse.
Grandmother laughs and says that she has few teeth, but can still eat bread.
Mane uxor ante speculum stat et capillos lente parat.
In the morning the wife stands before the mirror and slowly arranges her hair.
Maritus quoque in speculo se spectat et tunicam puram induit.
The husband also looks at himself in the mirror and puts on a clean tunic.
Coquus cultrum in mensa ponit et oleum e amphora sumit.
The cook puts a knife on the table and takes oil from the jar.
Puella cochlear petit et mel in patina videt.
The girl asks for a spoon and sees honey on the plate.
Serva cochleari parvo lac miscet et puero dat.
The female servant mixes milk with a small spoon and gives it to the boy.
In olla parva mater oleum et unum ovum ponit.
In a small pot mother puts oil and one egg.
Serva ollam e culina portat et in mensa ponit.
The female servant carries the pot from the kitchen and puts it on the table.
Post cenam panis siccus manet, et puer aquam petit.
After dinner the bread remains dry, and the boy asks for water.
In horto puer malum rubrum videt et folia viridia sub arbore.
In the garden the boy sees a red apple and green leaves under the tree.
Avus in speculo vultum suum spectat et dicit se hodie laetiorem esse.
Grandfather looks at his face in the mirror and says that he is happier today.
Si nasus tuus frigidus est et bracchia quoque frigida sunt, domi manere melius est.
If your nose is cold and your arms are cold too, it is better to stay at home.
Puella ad angulum vici stat et amicam exspectat.
The girl stands at the corner of the street and waits for her friend.
Mater dicit: “Per vicum rectum ambula, et ad forum cito pervenies.”
Mother says: “Walk through the straight street, and you will reach the forum quickly.”
Discipula rogat quomodo ad scholam pervenire possit, et magistra ei viam ostendit.
The female student asks how she can reach the school, and the teacher shows her the way.
Pater de scalis descendit et servam vocat.
Father comes down the stairs and calls the female servant.
Magistra discipulos monet ut lente ascendant et ne in scalis currant.
The teacher warns the students to go up slowly and not run on the stairs.
Serva pannum humidum capit et parietem sordidum tergit.
The female servant takes a wet cloth and wipes the dirty wall.
Puella cistam aperit et annulum parvum inter epistulas invenit.
The girl opens the chest and finds a small ring among the letters.
Maritus promittit se cras panem et caseum empturum esse.
The husband promises that he will buy bread and cheese tomorrow.
Discipula negat se stilum in mensa reliquisse et dicit fratrem eum cepisse.
The female student denies that she left the stylus on the table and says that her brother took it.
Magister discipulos monet ut per vicum rectum eant et ad angulum dextrum vertant.
The teacher warns the students to go through the straight street and turn at the right corner.
Cum ad villam pervenissent, puella et mater negaverunt iter difficile fuisse, quia vicus rectus erat.
When they had reached the house, the girl and her mother denied that the journey had been difficult, because the street was straight.
Puer stilum dextra tenet et in charta clare scribit.
The boy holds the stylus in his right hand and writes clearly on the paper.
Puella chartam sinistra tenet et dextra scribit.
The girl holds the paper with her left hand and writes with her right.
Mater pannum humidum capit et mensam tergit.
Mother takes a wet cloth and wipes the table.
Mater dicit se panem et olivas empturam esse.
Mother says that she is going to buy bread and olives.
Mercator argentum accipit et reliquos nummos matri dat.
The merchant takes the money and gives the remaining coins to mother.
Pater ipse ad tabernam redit, ut pecuniam mutet et pretium solvat.
Father himself returns to the shop so that he may change the money and pay the price.
In schola discipula codicem novum aperit et titulum primae paginae legit.
At school the female student opens a new book and reads the title of the first page.
Discipula atramentum in mensa ponit et stilum parat.
The female student puts ink on the table and prepares the stylus.
Domina epistulam cera claudit et sigillum suum in ea ponit.
The mistress seals the letter with wax and places her seal on it.
Postea filia codicem fratris capit et duas lineas describit.
Afterward the daughter takes her brother’s book and copies two lines.
Magistra discipulos monet ut atramentum bene servent et ut codices diligenter teneant.
The teacher warns the students to keep the ink carefully and to hold the books carefully.
Magister dicit codicem veterrimum pulcherrimum quoque esse, quia cera et sigillum eius adhuc servantur.
The teacher says that the oldest book is also the most beautiful, because its wax and seal are still preserved.
Ego autem puto difficillimum esse verbum novum sine mendo describere, cum manus et mens satis quietae non sunt.
I, however, think that it is most difficult to copy a new word without a mistake, when the hand and mind are not calm enough.
Postea mater domi codicem aperit, titulum legit, et dicit se nihil clarius vidisse.
Afterward mother opens the book at home, reads the title, and says that she has seen nothing clearer.
Accipe hoc consilium et veritatem semper dic.
Accept this advice and always tell the truth.
Lucia codicem fratris capit et menda diligenter corrigit.
Lucia takes her brother’s book and carefully corrects the mistakes.
Tabellarius celerrime currit et epistulam ad villam portat.
The letter-carrier runs very quickly and carries a letter to the villa.
Sporta servi plenissima est, quia panem, caseum, et olivas portat.
The servant’s basket is very full, because he is carrying bread, cheese, and olives.
Mane mater prima surgit et aquam calidam parat.
In the morning mother gets up first and prepares warm water.
Canis sub lecto iacet, et infans eum tangere vult.
The dog lies under the bed, and the baby wants to touch him.
Post ientaculum puella in lecto iacet et librum legit, quia ei pectus dolet.
After breakfast the girl lies in bed and reads a book, because her chest hurts.
Medica collum pueri tangit et rogat utrum etiam umerus doleat.
The doctor touches the boy’s neck and asks whether his shoulder also hurts.
Puer respondet: “Mihi collum non dolet, sed genu et dorsum dolent.”
The boy answers: “My neck does not hurt, but my knee and back hurt.”
Quia puer cecidit, parvum vulnus in genu habet, et paene nullus sanguis est.
Because the boy fell, he has a small wound on his knee, and there is almost no blood.
Medica dicit vulnus non grave esse et sanguinem mox desiturum esse.
The doctor says that the wound is not serious and that the bleeding will soon stop.
Meridie servi in horto non laborant, sed sub umbra sedent et aquam bibunt.
At midday the servants do not work in the garden, but sit in the shade and drink water.
Apud aviam nobis semper panis et mel dulce sunt.
At grandmother’s house we always have bread and sweet honey.
Pueri circum ignem sedent et fabulam de nauta audiunt.
The boys sit around the fire and listen to a story about a sailor.
Si collum et dorsum sana sunt, puero iterum equitare licet.
If the neck and back are healthy, the boy is allowed to ride again.
Nobis ante iter aquam et panem parare necesse est, quia meridie omnes cibum petunt.
We must prepare water and bread before the journey, because at midday everyone asks for food.
Pectus pueri calidum est, et sudor in pectore manet, quia per vicum et circum forum celerrime cucurrit.
The boy’s chest is warm, and sweat remains on his chest, because he ran very quickly through the street and around the forum.
Si ullus amicus apud nos manet, ei semper lectus paratus est, et intra domum tutus erit.
If any friend stays with us, a bed is always ready for him, and he will be safe inside the house.
Post scholam magister cum discipulis de sermone brevi et claro loquitur.
After school the teacher speaks with the students about a short and clear conversation.
Puella litteras matris iterum legit et dicit se unam litteram nondum intellegere.
The girl reads her mother’s letter again and says that she does not yet understand one letter.
Dum pueri currunt, soror eorum iocum novum narrat et omnes iterum rident.
While the boys are running, their sister tells a new joke and everyone laughs again.
Puella in pariete imaginem navis pingit, et mater imaginem laudat.
The girl paints an image of a ship on the wall, and mother praises the image.
Avia puero flenti dicit cor eius bonum esse et lacrimas eius tergit.
Grandmother tells the crying boy that his heart is good and wipes his tears.
Discipuli gaudent, cum finis horae venit et initium prandii iam prope est.
The students rejoice when the end of the hour comes and the beginning of lunch is already near.
Post cenam parentes cum filiis et filiabus longum sermonem de vita bona habent.
After dinner the parents have a long conversation with their sons and daughters about a good life.
Medica dicit dolorem mox minui posse, si puer quiete sedet et non flet.
The doctor says that the pain can soon lessen if the boy sits quietly and does not cry.
Poeta dicit carmen novum de rege et regina mox scripturum esse.
The poet says that he will soon write a new poem about the king and queen.
In atrio imago regis prope ianuam est, et omnes venientes eam spectant.
In the atrium an image of the king is near the door, and all who come in look at it.
Avus iocum novum narrat, et puer flens tandem ridet.
Grandfather tells a new joke, and the crying boy finally laughs.
Puer stilum e mensa capit et in charta unam sententiam scribit.
The boy takes the stylus from the table and writes one sentence on the paper.
Hoc mense soror diem natalem celebrat, et mater convivium parvum parare incipit.
This month my sister celebrates her birthday, and mother begins to prepare a small feast.
Mater flores et coronas emit, ut atrium et aram ornet.
Mother buys flowers and garlands so that she may decorate the atrium and the altar.
Sacerdos ad aram venit et diem festum paucis verbis celebrat.
The priestess comes to the altar and celebrates the festival with a few words.
Soror amicis parva munera dat, et una conviva valde gaudet.
The sister gives small gifts to her friends, and one female guest is very happy.
Cum sol occiderit, convivae in atrio sedebunt et convivium incipient.
When the sun has set, the guests will sit in the atrium and begin the feast.
Dum serva cibum fert, dominus vinum in pocula fundit et hospites salutat.
While the female servant carries the food, the master pours wine into the cups and greets the guests.
Regina dicit se sacerdotem et vicinas quoque invitare, quia omnes laetas videre vult.
The queen says that she is inviting the priestess and the female neighbors too, because she wants to see everyone happy.
Cum convivium finitum erit, puellae mensam ornatam spectabunt et cantabunt.
When the feast has ended, the girls will look at the decorated table and sing.
Tum sacerdos pauca verba dicet, et dies festus laetus finem habebit.
Then the priestess will say a few words, and the joyful festival day will come to an end.
In die festo convivae in atrio cantant et rident.
On the festival day the guests sing and laugh in the atrium.
Bellum finem habet, et pax in urbe manet.
The war comes to an end, and peace remains in the city.
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