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### Expressing Destination with "do"

To state where you are going, use the preposition **do** (to). In Polish, prepositions require the noun that follows them to change its ending. The preposition **do** always triggers the **Genitive case**.

For common inanimate places, the Genitive singular endings follow a predictable pattern based on the noun's gender:
- **Masculine inanimate:** Add **-u** to the end of the word (bank ➔ banku).
- **Feminine:** Change the final **-a** to **-y** or **-i** (apteka ➔ apteki, piekarnia ➔ piekarni).
- **Neuter:** Change the final **-e** or **-o** to **-a** (przedszkole ➔ przedszkola).

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### Going to People and Professionals

When you visit a professional, you are literally going "to" them. The Genitive case is also used here, but masculine personal nouns use a different ending:
- Most masculine professions take the ending **-a** (fryzjer ➔ fryzjera).
- Professions ending in **-a** (like dentysta), even if they refer to men, follow the feminine pattern and take **-y** (dentysta ➔ dentysty).

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### Returning and Traveling to Cities or Countries

You will also use **do** to talk about traveling to cities and countries, or returning to a place.

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Feminine place names, such as countries and cities ending in **-a**, follow the standard feminine rule, changing to **-y** or **-i** (Polska ➔ Polski, Warszawa ➔ Warszawy). Remember that "home" is treated as a standard masculine inanimate noun (dom ➔ domu).

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Expressing destination (do)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Question	Answer
bank	bank
Tomorrow morning I am going to the bank.	Jutro rano idę do banku.
pharmacy	apteka
We are going to the bank, and in the evening to the pharmacy.	Idziemy do banku, a wieczorem do apteki.
I am sick and I have to go to the pharmacy.	Jestem chory i muszę iść do apteki.
bakery	piekarnia
Every morning I go to the bakery.	Codziennie rano chodzę do piekarni.
Are you going to the bakery now?	Czy idziesz teraz do piekarni?
library	biblioteka
The student is going to the library today.	Studentka idzie dzisiaj do biblioteki.
We often go to the library together.	Często chodzimy razem do biblioteki.
kindergarten	przedszkole
My child doesn't like going to kindergarten.	Moje dziecko nie lubi chodzić do przedszkola.
Today I am driving to kindergarten early in the morning.	Dzisiaj wcześnie rano jadę do przedszkola.
hairdresser	fryzjer
My wife is going to the hairdresser tomorrow.	Moja żona idzie jutro do fryzjera.
My brother rarely goes to the hairdresser.	Mój brat rzadko chodzi do fryzjera.
dentist	dentysta
Our son has to go to the dentist.	Nasz syn musi iść do dentysty.
Why don't you want to go to the dentist?	Dlaczego nie chcesz iść do dentysty?
to return	wracać
Why are you returning home early today?	Dlaczego dzisiaj wcześnie wracasz do domu?
Poland	Polska
She usually returns to Poland in the evening.	Ona zwykle wraca do Polski wieczorem.
This employee is going to Poland today.	Ten pracownik jedzie dzisiaj do Polski.
Warsaw	Warszawa
He often travels to Warsaw.	On często jeździ do Warszawy.
The boss is going to Warsaw in the morning.	Szefowa jedzie rano do Warszawy.
from	od
I am going from the school to the house.	Idę od szkoły do domu.
This is a letter from grandma.	To jest list od babci.
for	dla
I am buying bread for mum.	Kupuję chleb dla mamy.
This is for you.	To jest dla ciebie.
after; for (to fetch)	po
I come back after lunch.	Wracam po obiedzie.
I am going for bread.	Idę po chleb.
behind; in (time)	za
The park is behind the school.	Park jest za szkołą.
In a year I come back.	Za rok wracam.
through, across	przez
We are walking through the park.	Idziemy przez park.
I am driving through the city.	Jadę przez miasto.

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