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### Quantifiers with the Genitive Case

To talk about amounts of uncountable things (like time, sugar, or water), use these basic quantifiers:
- **dużo** (a lot / much)
- **mało** (little / not much)
- **trochę** (a little / some)

Nouns following these quantifiers take the **Genitive** case. Here is how to form the Genitive for uncountable nouns:

### Masculine Nouns
Many masculine uncountable nouns (like abstract concepts and some foods) take the ending **-u**.
- **czas** (time) → **czasu**
- **stres** (stress) → **stresu**
- **cukier** (sugar) → **cukru** (the **e** drops out)

Some masculine food nouns take **-a** instead.
- **ser** (cheese) → **sera**

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### Feminine Nouns
Feminine nouns ending in **-a** change to **-y** (or **-i** after **k** or **g**).
- **woda** (water) → **wody**

The feminine noun **sól** (salt) ends in a consonant. In the Genitive, it becomes **soli** (the **ó** changes to **o**).

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### Neuter Nouns
Neuter nouns ending in **-o** or **-e** change to **-a**.
- **szczęście** (luck) → **szczęścia**
- **mięso** (meat) → **mięsa**

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### Plural Nouns (Money)
The word for money, **pieniądze**, is always plural. Its Genitive form is **pieniędzy**.

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Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Question	Answer
a lot / much	dużo
time	czas
I have a lot of time today.	Mam dzisiaj dużo czasu.
little / few	mało
Our boss has little time.	Nasz szef ma mało czasu.
a little / some	trochę
sugar	cukier
I want a little sugar.	Chcę trochę cukru.
salt	sól
There is a lot of salt in the soup.	W zupie jest dużo soli.
to cost	kosztować
money	pieniądze
This new computer costs a lot of money.	Ten nowy komputer kosztuje dużo pieniędzy.
She has little money.	Ona ma mało pieniędzy.
luck / happiness	szczęście
Our family has a little luck.	Nasza rodzina ma trochę szczęścia.
stress	stres
There is a lot of stress in the new job.	W nowej pracy jest dużo stresu.
Our boss does not have time.	Nasz szef nie ma czasu.
I am buying a little meat and a little cheese.	Kupuję trochę mięsa i trochę sera.
Water does not cost a lot of money.	Woda nie kosztuje dużo pieniędzy.
Is there little water in the river?	Czy w rzece jest mało wody?
Do you have a lot of stress, madam?	Czy pani ma dużo stresu?
My grandfather has little luck today.	Mój dziadek ma dzisiaj mało szczęścia.
I drink black coffee and a little water.	Piję czarną kawę i trochę wody.
This soup has little salt.	Ta zupa ma mało soli.
I have only a little sugar.	Mam tylko trochę cukru.
everything	wszystko
Everything is good.	Wszystko jest dobre.
I understand everything.	Rozumiem wszystko.
something	coś
I want something to drink.	Chcę coś pić.
I am buying something in the shop.	Kupuję coś w sklepie.
somebody	ktoś
Somebody works here.	Ktoś tu pracuje.
Somebody is speaking loudly.	Ktoś mówi głośno.
some, a certain	jakiś
Some student is reading a newspaper.	Jakiś student czyta gazetę.
Some man is here.	Jakiś pan tu jest.
whole, entire	cały
I work the whole day.	Cały dzień pracuję.
The whole family is eating lunch.	Cała rodzina je obiad.
many, much (+ Genitive)	wiele
I do not have much time.	Nie mam wiele czasu.
In the sea there is a lot of water.	W morzu jest wiele wody.
so much, so many (+ Genitive)	tyle
I have so much work!	Mam tyle pracy!
You drink so much coffee!	Ty pijesz tyle kawy!

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