Quantifiers with the Genitive Case
To talk about amounts of uncountable things (like time, sugar, or water), use these basic quantifiers:
- dużo (a lot / much)
- mało (little / not much)
- trochę (a little / some)
Nouns following these quantifiers take the Genitive case. Here is how to form the Genitive for uncountable nouns:
Masculine Nouns
Many masculine uncountable nouns (like abstract concepts and some foods) take the ending -u.
- czas (time) → czasu
- stres (stress) → stresu
- cukier (sugar) → cukru (the e drops out)
Some masculine food nouns take -a instead.
- ser (cheese) → sera
| I have a lot of time today. | Mam dzisiaj dużo czasu. |
| Our boss has little time. | Nasz szef ma mało czasu. |
| I want a little sugar. | Chcę trochę cukru. |
| There is a lot of stress in the new job. | W nowej pracy jest dużo stresu. |
Feminine Nouns
Feminine nouns ending in -a change to -y (or -i after k or g).
- woda (water) → wody
The feminine noun sól (salt) ends in a consonant. In the Genitive, it becomes soli (the ó changes to o).
| There is a lot of salt in the soup. | W zupie jest dużo soli. |
| This soup has little salt. | Ta zupa ma mało soli. |
| Is there little water in the river? | Czy w rzece jest mało wody? |
Neuter Nouns
Neuter nouns ending in -o or -e change to -a.
- szczęście (luck) → szczęścia
- mięso (meat) → mięsa
| Our family has a little luck. | Nasza rodzina ma trochę szczęścia. |
| I am buying a little meat and a little cheese. | Kupuję trochę mięsa i trochę sera. |
Plural Nouns (Money)
The word for money, pieniądze, is always plural. Its Genitive form is pieniędzy.
| This new computer costs a lot of money. | Ten nowy komputer kosztuje dużo pieniędzy. |
| She has little money. | Ona ma mało pieniędzy. |
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