A colega disse-me que a reunião foi remarcada para sexta-feira.

Because a is the feminine singular definite article: the.

Portuguese uses definite articles more often than English does, so a colega is very natural where English might simply say the colleague or, depending on context, even my colleague.

In this sentence, a colega refers to a female colleague.

No. Colega is a noun with the same form for both genders.

• o colega = the male colleague
• a colega = the female colleague

So the article tells you the person’s gender here, not the ending of the noun.

In European Portuguese, unstressed object pronouns often come after the verb in a normal affirmative sentence:

• disse-me = told me
• deu-lhe = gave him/her
• explicou-nos = explained to us

This is called enclisis, and the hyphen is required in spelling.

So disse-me is the standard Portugal Portuguese form here.

Not normally in this sentence if you want standard European Portuguese.

In Portugal Portuguese, me disse usually appears only when something forces the pronoun before the verb, for example:

• não me disse = didn’t tell me
• quando me disse = when told me / when she told me
• quem me disse = who told me

In Brazilian Portuguese, me disse is much more common in ordinary speech and writing. But for Portugal, disse-me is the form to learn here.

Me means to me.

So disse-me is literally something like said to me, although in natural English we usually say told me.

It is an indirect object pronoun.

Que introduces the second clause: that.

• A colega disse-me que...
• The colleague told me that...

In English, that is often omitted:

• She told me the meeting was rescheduled...

In Portuguese, que is normally kept here. Leaving it out would sound unnatural.

Disse is the preterite of dizer.

Here it refers to a completed past action:

• A colega disse-me... = The colleague told me...

So it is not was telling me or has told me. It is a simple completed event in the past.

Here foi comes from ser, not ir.

That is because the sentence uses the passive voice:

• foi remarcada = was rescheduled

Structure:

• ser
  • past participle

So:

• A reunião foi remarcada = The meeting was rescheduled

It does not mean went rescheduled.

Because this is a passive construction, and the past participle must agree with a reunião.

• reunião is feminine singular
• so the participle is remarcada

Compare:

• O encontro foi remarcado → masculine singular
• A reunião foi remarcada → feminine singular
• As reuniões foram remarcadas → feminine plural

If you said remarcou, that would be an active form:

• Alguém remarcou a reunião = Someone rescheduled the meeting

Not necessarily.

Remarcada means rescheduled — the date or time was changed. It could be:

• moved later
• moved earlier
• moved to a different day or time

If you specifically want postponed to a later time, Portuguese often uses adiada.

So:

• foi remarcada = was rescheduled
• foi adiada = was postponed

Because para fits the idea of rescheduling to a new date.

• foi remarcada para sexta-feira = was rescheduled for Friday

This is the most natural choice when talking about a new scheduled date.

By contrast, na sexta-feira usually just means on Friday as a time reference. It does not emphasize the idea of setting the meeting for that day in the same way.

In this kind of scheduling expression, para sexta-feira is very natural in European Portuguese.

You do not need an article here. It works like:

• para amanhã
• para segunda-feira
• para o próximo mês

You may sometimes hear or see forms with an article in other contexts, but in this sentence para sexta-feira is the normal, straightforward choice.

In Portuguese, days of the week are normally written in lower case, not with a capital letter:

• segunda-feira
• terça-feira
• sexta-feira

So sexta-feira is correct, not Sexta-Feira.

The hyphen is part of the standard spelling of these weekday names.

Yes, but the meaning changes slightly.

• A colega disse-me que... = The colleague told me that...
• A colega disse que... = The colleague said that...

Without me, you no longer explicitly say to me. The sentence is still correct, but it gives less information.