Não podemos convidar mais pessoas, porque a sala é pequena e a televisão já está alta demais.

In Portuguese, the normal place for não is directly before the verb it negates.

So:

• Não podemos = we cannot / we can’t
• literally: not we-can

This is different from English, where we usually use do not or cannot as part of the verb phrase.

After a modal-like verb such as poder (can / to be able to), the next verb stays in the infinitive.

So:

• podemos convidar = we can invite
• queremos sair = we want to leave
• vamos estudar = we are going to study

You do not conjugate both verbs here. Only podemos is conjugated; convidar stays in the infinitive.

Here mais pessoas simply means more people in a general sense, so no article is needed.

• convidar mais pessoas = invite more people

If you added an article, the meaning would change or sound unnatural in this context.

Compare:

• Precisamos de mais cadeiras. = We need more chairs.
• Convidamos mais pessoas. = We invited more people.

Portuguese often omits the article in broad, indefinite expressions like this.

Porque as one word usually means because, which is exactly what it does here:

• ..., porque a sala é pequena... = ..., because the room is small...

Very broadly:

• porque = because
• por que = why / for what reason
• por quê = why? at the end of a sentence
• porquê = the reason

So in this sentence, porque is the correct form.

Yes. Sala is a feminine noun in Portuguese, so it takes feminine words with it:

• a sala = the room
• pequena = feminine form of small

That is why you get:

• a sala é pequena

If the noun were masculine, the adjective would change too:

• o quarto é pequeno = the bedroom is small

Adjectives in Portuguese usually agree in gender and number with the noun they describe.

Since sala is feminine singular, the adjective must also be feminine singular:

• sala → feminine singular
• pequena → feminine singular

Examples:

• a sala pequena = the small room
• o quarto pequeno = the small bedroom
• as salas pequenas = the small rooms

This is a very common question.

In general:

• ser is often used for more inherent or defining characteristics
• estar is often used for states or conditions

So here:

• a sala é pequena = the room is small by nature / as a characteristic
• a televisão já está alta demais = the TV is already too loud, which is a current state

The TV’s volume can be changed, so estar makes sense.

If you said a televisão é alta, that would normally sound odd in this context, because it would suggest something like a permanent characteristic rather than its current volume.

Yes, alto/alta often means high or tall, but with sound it commonly means loud.

So:

• a televisão está alta = the TV is loud / the volume is high
• o som está alto = the sound is loud
• a música está alta = the music is loud

This is similar to English using high for volume in some contexts, but the most natural translation is usually loud.

Also, alta is feminine here because it agrees with televisão, which is feminine.

Portuguese uses definite articles much more often than English does.

So where English might say:

• the room
• the TV

Portuguese naturally says:

• a sala
• a televisão

In many cases, the article sounds more complete and natural. Omitting it here would sound less standard.

Já here means already.

• a televisão já está alta demais = the TV is already too loud

It adds the idea that the volume has already reached an excessive level, so increasing it further would be a bad idea.

Without já:

• a televisão está alta demais = the TV is too loud

With já, the sentence feels a little stronger: the problem is already there.

Demais here means too much / excessively / overly. In natural English, alta demais becomes too loud.

Word order is important:

• alta demais = too loud
• literally: loud too-much

Portuguese often puts demais after the adjective or adverb:

• caro demais = too expensive
• longe demais = too far
• rápido demais = too fast

So alta demais is the normal structure.

Yes, but the meaning changes.

• muito alta = very loud
• alta demais = too loud

So:

• muito intensifies
• demais suggests excess

Compare:

• A televisão está muito alta. = The TV is very loud.
• A televisão está alta demais. = The TV is too loud.

In this sentence, demais fits better because the speaker is giving a reason not to invite more people: the situation is already excessive.

The comma separates the main idea from the explanation:

• Não podemos convidar mais pessoas = main statement
• porque a sala é pequena e a televisão já está alta demais = reason

In Portuguese, a comma before porque is common when the second part explains or justifies the first part, especially in a longer sentence.

You may also see sentences without the comma in other contexts, but here the comma helps readability and sounds natural.

Both are common.

• televisão is the full word
• TV is extremely common in everyday speech

So these are both natural:

• A televisão está alta demais.
• A TV está alta demais.

In conversation, many Brazilians would probably say TV, but televisão is completely standard and correct.

Yes. Sala often means:

• living room
• room
• hall
• sometimes another kind of room depending on context

In this sentence, a sala é pequena most naturally suggests the room / the living room is small.

The exact translation depends on context, but the grammar stays the same.

Podemos is the 1st person plural form of poder (to be able to / can).

Present tense of poder:

• eu posso = I can
• você/ele/ela pode = you/he/she can
• nós podemos = we can
• vocês/eles/elas podem = you/they can

So:

• não podemos = we can’t

This is a useful verb to memorize because it is very common in everyday Portuguese.