Ogni sabato lucido il tavolo di legno e mia madre lucida il comò in camera.

Ogni sabato means every Saturday and is a very common way to express a repeated action.

• ogni + singular noun = every
  
  • ogni sabato = every Saturday
  • ogni giorno = every day

You can also say tutti i sabati, which means all Saturdays or every Saturday, but ogni sabato is often a little more neutral and compact.

So:

• Ogni sabato lucido il tavolo... = Every Saturday I polish the table...
• Tutti i sabati lucido il tavolo... = I polish the table every Saturday / on all Saturdays

Both are correct.

They are two different forms of the verb lucidare.

Present tense of lucidare:

• io lucido = I polish
• tu lucidi = you polish
• lui/lei lucida = he/she polishes
• noi lucidiamo = we polish
• voi lucidate = you all polish
• loro lucidano = they polish

So in the sentence:

• lucido matches io (understood, not stated)
• lucida matches mia madre

This is normal in Italian: the verb ending changes depending on the subject.

Italian often leaves out subject pronouns when they are clear from the verb form. This is called a pro-drop language.

• lucido already clearly means I polish
• so io is not necessary

You could say:

• Ogni sabato io lucido il tavolo...

but that usually adds emphasis, as if you are contrasting:

• I polish the table, not someone else

In neutral sentences, Italian usually omits io, tu, lui, lei, etc.

Italian uses definite articles very regularly, often more regularly than English learners expect. Here:

• il tavolo = the table
• il comò = the dresser / chest of drawers

In this sentence, the speaker is talking about specific furniture items, so the definite article is natural.

Italian generally prefers the article with concrete nouns in cases like this:

• apro la finestra = I open the window
• spengo la luce = I turn off the light
• lucido il tavolo = I polish the table

So the articles are not optional here.

Di legno means made of wood or simply wooden.

• il tavolo di legno = the wooden table / the table made of wood

Italian often uses di + material to describe what something is made of:

• una sedia di plastica = a plastic chair
• un tavolo di vetro = a glass table
• una porta di metallo = a metal door

English sometimes uses a noun as an adjective, like wood table, but Italian usually uses di in this kind of structure.

With close family members in the singular, Italian normally does not use the article before a possessive.

So:

• mia madre = my mother
• mio padre = my father
• mio fratello = my brother
• mia sorella = my sister

This is a very important pattern.

But with most other nouns, Italian usually does use the article:

• la mia macchina = my car
• il mio libro = my book

Also, the article can return with family nouns in some situations, for example:

• when the noun is modified: la mia madre adottiva
• with plural family members: i miei genitori
• in some regional or stylistic uses

Here, mia madre is the standard form.

Comò is a piece of furniture, usually translated as dresser or chest of drawers.

A useful detail is that it has an accent:

• comò

That accent shows the stress falls on the last syllable. It also helps distinguish the pronunciation clearly.

So:

• il comò = the dresser / chest of drawers

In everyday Italian, camera often means bedroom.

So:

• in camera usually means in the bedroom

This can be a little confusing for English speakers because camera does not mean the English word camera. The Italian word for the device is macchina fotografica or sometimes just fotocamera.

Also notice that Italian often uses certain location expressions without an article:

• in camera = in the bedroom
• a scuola = at school
• in ufficio = in the office
• a casa = at home

So here in camera most naturally means in the bedroom.

Both can exist, but they are not exactly the same in feel.

• in camera = in the bedroom, as a general location
• nella camera = in the room / in the bedroom, often sounding more specific

In many common expressions, Italian omits the article after certain prepositions:

• a casa
• a scuola
• in chiesa
• in camera

If you say nel/la form, it can sound more concrete or specific:

• mia madre lucida il comò nella camera degli ospiti = my mother polishes the dresser in the guest room

So in camera is a very natural everyday expression.

The basic Italian word order is often:

• subject + verb + object

or, when the subject is omitted:

• verb + object

So:

• (io) lucido il tavolo di legno
• mia madre lucida il comò in camera

This is the most neutral word order.

Italian can move elements around for emphasis, but the sentence here uses a very standard and natural order:

• time expression: Ogni sabato
• verb and object: lucido il tavolo di legno
• second clause: e mia madre lucida il comò in camera

Here e simply means and. It connects two clauses:

• Ogni sabato lucido il tavolo di legno
• mia madre lucida il comò in camera

So the full structure is:

• Every Saturday I polish the wooden table, and my mother polishes the dresser in the bedroom.

There is nothing unusual about e here; it is a straightforward coordinating conjunction.

Yes, lucido can also be an adjective meaning shiny, polished, or even clear-headed depending on context.

Examples:

• Il tavolo è lucido = The table is shiny
• Dopo il riposo è più lucido = After resting, he is more clear-headed

But in your sentence, lucido is clearly a verb because of the structure:

• Ogni sabato lucido il tavolo...

Here it fits the pattern:

• time expression + verb + object

If it were an adjective, the sentence structure would need to be different, for example:

• Il tavolo è lucido = The table is shiny

So context tells you that lucido here means I polish.

Mostly yes, but not perfectly.

A close literal version is:

• Every Saturday I polish the table of wood and my mother polishes the dresser in bedroom.

That sounds unnatural in English, so a better natural translation is:

• Every Saturday I polish the wooden table, and my mother polishes the dresser in the bedroom.

The main differences are:

• di legno becomes natural English wooden or made of wood
• in camera becomes natural English in the bedroom
• English requires the subject I, while Italian can omit io

So the meaning is very close, but natural English needs a few adjustments.