Se ela tivesse trazido mais giz, o exercício teria ficado mais claro para a turma.

Because this is a past unreal / contrary-to-fact condition: it talks about something that did not happen in the past and imagines a different result.

Portuguese normally uses this pattern:

• Se + past subjunctive
• conditional perfect in the main clause

So:

• Se ela tivesse trazido mais giz...
• ...o exercício teria ficado mais claro...

This is the standard way to say If she had brought more chalk, the exercise would have been clearer.

By contrast:

• se ela trouxe = if she brought / whether she brought
• se ela tinha trazido is usually not the normal choice for this kind of counterfactual sentence

So tivesse trazido is the expected grammar here.

Tivesse trazido is the pluperfect subjunctive (also called the past perfect subjunctive) of trazer.

It is formed with:

• the imperfect subjunctive of ter: tivesse
• the past participle: trazido

So:

• ter → tivesse
• trazer → trazido
• together: tivesse trazido

It means something like had brought in this sentence.

This form is very common in hypothetical past situations:

• Se eu tivesse estudado...
• Se eles tivessem chegado cedo...

Teria ficado is the conditional perfect.

It is formed with:

• conditional of ter: teria
• past participle: ficado

This structure expresses the result that would have happened under the unreal condition.

So the sentence follows a very common pattern:

• Se + tivesse/tivessem + participle
• teria/teriam + participle

Example pattern:

• Se eu tivesse visto isso, teria entendido.
• If I had seen that, I would have understood.

Here:

• Se ela tivesse trazido mais giz = unreal condition in the past
• o exercício teria ficado mais claro = unreal result in the past

Both can be possible in some contexts, but ficar claro is a very natural expression in Portuguese.

• ficar claro = to become clear / to end up clear
• ser claro = to be clear

In this sentence, the idea is that because of her action, the exercise would have ended up clearer for the class. That is why teria ficado mais claro sounds very natural.

Compare:

• O exercício ficou claro. = The exercise became clear / ended up clear.
• O exercício foi claro. = The exercise was clear.

The version with ficar emphasizes the resulting state.

Because claro agrees with o exercício, which is masculine singular.

• o exercício → masculine singular
• so the adjective is claro

If the noun were feminine, it would change:

• a explicação teria ficado mais clara

So the adjective matches the noun it describes, not the person ela and not a turma.

Para a turma means for the class and shows for whom the exercise would have been clearer.

This is very natural in Brazilian Portuguese.

• mais claro para a turma = clearer for the class
• mais claro para os alunos = clearer for the students

You may also see claro à turma in some contexts, but para a turma is more common and more straightforward in everyday Brazilian Portuguese.

So here para marks the people affected by the clarity.

Yes, it could be omitted.

Portuguese often drops subject pronouns when the verb form already makes the subject clear:

• Se tivesse trazido mais giz...

However, in this sentence ela may be included for one of these reasons:

1. clarity — to make it explicit who is being talked about
2. contrast — maybe not someone else, but she
3. style — sometimes speakers simply choose to include it

Because tivesse could refer to eu, ele, ela, você, the pronoun can help avoid ambiguity.

Giz means chalk.

In Portuguese, mass nouns often appear without an article when talking about an indefinite amount:

• mais giz = more chalk
• mais água = more water
• mais dinheiro = more money

So mais giz is completely natural.

You could use an article in other contexts, but here the sentence just means more chalk in general, not a specific chalk.

The two mais words modify different things:

• mais giz = a greater quantity of chalk
• mais claro = clearer / more clear

So the sentence says:

• if she had brought a greater amount of chalk,
• the exercise would have become clearer.

This repetition is normal and does not sound strange in Portuguese.

Yes. Portuguese allows both orders.

Original:

• Se ela tivesse trazido mais giz, o exercício teria ficado mais claro para a turma.

Reversed:

• O exercício teria ficado mais claro para a turma se ela tivesse trazido mais giz.

Both are correct. The version with se first is very common because it presents the condition before the result.

Yes, in spoken Brazilian Portuguese people sometimes simplify this kind of structure.

For example, you may hear:

• Se ela tinha trazido mais giz, o exercício teria ficado mais claro para a turma.
• Se ela tivesse trazido mais giz, o exercício ficava mais claro para a turma.

But these are more colloquial or non-standard in some varieties.

The sentence you were given:

• Se ela tivesse trazido mais giz, o exercício teria ficado mais claro para a turma.

is the standard, careful, textbook form and is the best model to learn first.

A rough breakdown is:

• Se = if
• ela = she
• tivesse trazido = had brought
• mais giz = more chalk
• o exercício = the exercise
• teria ficado = would have become / would have ended up
• mais claro = clearer
• para a turma = for the class

A very literal rendering would be:

• If she had brought more chalk, the exercise would have become clearer for the class.

That helps explain why Portuguese uses ficado here: it is expressing the resulting change in clarity.