Nie umiem dobrze szyć, ale ta dziura jest tak mała, że spróbuję naprawić koszulę przed wyjściem z domu.

Umiem means I know how / I am able because I have the skill.
Mogę means I can / I am allowed to / it is possible for me.

So:

• Nie umiem dobrze szyć = I’m not good at sewing / I don’t know how to sew well
• Nie mogę szyć would suggest I can’t sew because of circumstances, permission, or physical inability

Here the speaker is talking about skill, so umiem is the natural choice.

After umieć, Polish normally uses an infinitive:

• umiem gotować = I know how to cook
• umiem pływać = I know how to swim
• umiem szyć = I know how to sew

So Nie umiem dobrze szyć literally follows the pattern I do not know-how well to sew.

Dobrze means well, and it modifies the action szyć.

In Polish, adverbs often come before the infinitive:

• dobrze mówić
• dobrze gotować
• dobrze szyć

So Nie umiem dobrze szyć sounds natural.
You may also hear slightly different word orders in Polish, but this one is the most straightforward and neutral here.

Because dziura is a feminine noun.

Polish demonstratives must match the noun in gender, number, and case:

• ten for many masculine nouns
• ta for feminine nouns
• to for neuter nouns

So:

• ta dziura = this hole

You can also see the feminine agreement later in:

• mała = small, feminine form

So ta dziura jest tak mała shows agreement throughout.

Because mała agrees with dziura, which is feminine.

Compare:

• mały otwór = a small opening/masculine
• mała dziura = a small hole/feminine
• małe okno = a small window/neuter

In Polish, adjectives change form to match the noun they describe.

This is a very common Polish pattern:

• tak ... że ... = so ... that ...

So:

• ta dziura jest tak mała, że...
  = this hole is so small that...

Other examples:

• Jest tak zmęczony, że zasnął. = He is so tired that he fell asleep.
• Było tak zimno, że wróciliśmy do domu. = It was so cold that we went back home.

This structure is very close to English.

Spróbuję is the 1st person singular future form of spróbować = to try.

So:

• spróbuję = I will try

In this sentence, the speaker is deciding what they will do:

• że spróbuję naprawić koszulę = that I’ll try to fix the shirt

Because spróbować is a perfective verb, its present-form endings are used to express future meaning.

So although it looks like a present-tense form, it actually means future.

This is normal in Polish.

The first verb is the main finite verb:

• spróbuję = I’ll try

The second verb is an infinitive telling you what the speaker will try to do:

• naprawić = to repair / to fix

So:

• spróbuję naprawić koszulę = I’ll try to fix the shirt

This works much like English try to do something.

This is about aspect.

• naprawić = perfective → to fix, to repair successfully / as a complete action
• naprawiać = imperfective → to be fixing, to fix in general, to repair repeatedly

Here the speaker means a single complete attempt to get the shirt repaired before leaving. So naprawić is the natural choice.

Compare:

• Chcę naprawić koszulę. = I want to fix the shirt.
• Lubię naprawiać ubrania. = I like repairing clothes.

Because koszulę is the accusative singular form of koszula.

The noun is the direct object of naprawić:

• naprawić co? = repair what?
• koszulę

For many feminine nouns ending in -a, the accusative singular changes to -ę:

• koszula → koszulę
• dziura → dziurę
• książka → książkę

So naprawić koszulę means to repair the shirt.

The preposition przed here means before, and in this meaning it takes the instrumental case.

That is why:

• wyjście = exit / leaving
• przed wyjściem = before leaving / before the خروج? No, better: before going out

So the form wyjściem is instrumental singular.

This is a very useful pattern:

• przed obiadem = before lunch
• przed snem = before sleep / before going to sleep
• przed wyjściem = before leaving

Wyjście is a noun formed from the verb wyjść = to go out / to leave.

In this sentence, wyjście means the act of going out / leaving.

So:

• przed wyjściem z domu
  literally = before the leaving from the house naturally = before leaving the house / before going out

Polish often uses verbal nouns like this where English might prefer a clause or gerund.

Because z here means from/out of, and it takes the genitive case.

So:

• dom = house/home
• z domu = from the house / from home

This gives:

• wyjściem z domu = leaving the house / going out of the house

Notice that in Polish, dom can mean both house and home, depending on context.

Polish has no articles like a or the.

So whether something is a shirt or the shirt is understood from context.

In this sentence:

• ta dziura = this hole
• koszulę = the shirt / a shirt, depending on context

Because the sentence already mentions a specific hole and clearly refers to a particular shirt, English naturally uses the in translation, but Polish does not need any article.

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English, but the original sentence is the most neutral and natural.

The given version:

• Nie umiem dobrze szyć, ale ta dziura jest tak mała, że spróbuję naprawić koszulę przed wyjściem z domu.

works well because it flows clearly:

1. lack of skill
2. contrast with ale
3. reason the speaker will still try
4. action and time frame

You could move some parts around for emphasis, but not every rearrangement sounds equally natural.

For example:

• Ale ta dziura jest tak mała, że spróbuję naprawić koszulę przed wyjściem z domu.
  puts more emphasis on the contrast

But the original is the best standard version for a learner.

Ale means but.

It connects two contrasting ideas:

• Nie umiem dobrze szyć = I’m not good at sewing
• ale... spróbuję... = but I’ll try...

So the speaker is saying:

I’m not skilled at this, but the situation seems manageable enough that I’ll try anyway.

In natural English, it is usually best understood as:

• I can’t sew well
• I’m not good at sewing

Literally, umieć is about knowing how, but in many contexts it overlaps with English can when talking about learned abilities.

So while the literal idea is I don’t know how to sew well, the natural meaning is I’m not good at sewing.

Polish often adds location details that English may or may not include.

• przed wyjściem = before leaving / before going out
• przed wyjściem z domu = before leaving the house / before going out from home

Adding z domu makes the situation more specific: the speaker wants to repair the shirt before going out.

So it is not required in every sentence, but it is very natural here.