Σήμερα η συνάδελφός μου έφερε δημητριακά και ένα μπολ από το σπίτι, γιατί δεν πρόλαβε να φάει πρωινό.

In Greek, a noun with a weak possessive pronoun like μου usually keeps the definite article. So η συνάδελφός μου is the normal way to say my colleague.

A very literal breakdown is:

• η = the
• συνάδελφός = colleague
• μου = my

Greek does not usually say the equivalent of just colleague my without the article in a sentence like this.

Because μου is an enclitic, meaning it is normally unstressed and leans on the word before it.

When a Greek word is stressed on the antepenultimate syllable, an extra written accent often appears when an enclitic follows. So:

• basic form: συνάδελφος
• before μου: συνάδελφός μου

This is a spelling and pronunciation rule; it does not mean the noun changed case or meaning.

It can be either. συνάδελφος is a common-gender noun, so the article tells you whether it refers to a man or a woman:

• ο συνάδελφος = male colleague
• η συνάδελφος = female colleague

Here it is η συνάδελφός μου, so it refers to a female colleague.

Both are in the aorist, which is the normal Greek tense for a single completed event in the past.

• έφερε = she brought
• πρόλαβε = she managed / she was in time

With δεν, δεν πρόλαβε means she didn’t manage or she didn’t have time.

In this sentence, the aorist fits because both actions are seen as whole past events.

In everyday Greek, δημητριακά is the usual word for breakfast cereal, and it is normally plural.

So even though English often uses singular or uncountable cereal, Greek commonly says δημητριακά. This is just a difference in how the two languages package the idea.

μπολ is a borrowed word, and in Modern Greek it is treated as a neuter noun. That is why it takes the neuter article/adjective form:

• ένα μπολ = a bowl

Also, borrowed nouns like μπολ often do not change form much, so the word itself stays μπολ.

από means from, and σπίτι can mean house or home depending on context.

So από το σπίτι literally means from the house/home, but in natural English here it is best understood as from home.

Greek uses από to show origin or starting point, so it tells you where she brought the things from.

It can mean either, depending on the sentence.

• In a statement introducing a reason, γιατί = because
• In a question, γιατί; = why?

Here it introduces an explanation, so it means because.

This is a very common Greek pattern. δεν πρόλαβε να... means:

• she didn’t manage to...
• she didn’t get to...
• she didn’t have time to...

So δεν πρόλαβε να φάει πρωινό means she did not have enough time to eat breakfast.

The verb προλαβαίνω is often about being in time to do something before it is too late.

Modern Greek does not normally use an infinitive the way English does. Instead, it usually uses να + verb.

So where English says to eat, Greek says να φάει.

Here:

• να introduces the clause
• φάει is the verb form meaning eat

Also, φάει comes from the verb τρώω and is the perfective form, which fits the idea of eating breakfast as one complete action.

After verbs like eat, Greek often leaves out the article with meal words:

• τρώω πρωινό = I eat breakfast
• να φάει πρωινό = to eat breakfast

This is similar to English, where we usually say eat breakfast, not eat the breakfast, unless we mean a specific breakfast.

So πρωινό here means breakfast in a general sense.

Yes, the word order could be different. Greek word order is fairly flexible.

Putting Σήμερα first sets the time right away and gives the sentence a natural Today, ... opening:

• Σήμερα η συνάδελφός μου έφερε...

You could move it, but the emphasis would change slightly. Beginning with Σήμερα is very normal and helps frame the whole sentence from the start.