Après tout cela, mon fils aide son père à ranger les outils dans une boîte, et la monnaie reste sur la table.

Après tout cela means after all that or after all this/that depending on context.

Cela and ça are very close in meaning:

• cela is more neutral or slightly more formal
• ça is more common in everyday speech

So:

• après tout cela = a bit more written/neutral
• après tout ça = very natural in conversation

Both are correct.

Because tout here means all in the sense of all that.

Use:

• tout cela = all that
• toute la journée = the whole day
• tous les outils = all the tools
• toutes les boîtes = all the boxes

So tout is used here because it is part of the fixed expression tout cela.

Mon fils means my son.

A common learner question is pronunciation, because many French final consonants are silent. But in fils meaning son, the final s is normally pronounced:

• fils → roughly feess

So mon fils is pronounced approximately mon feess.

Because French possessive adjectives agree with the thing possessed, not with the owner.

Here, the possessed noun is père, and père is masculine singular, so you use:

• mon for my
• ton for your
• son for his/her

So:

• mon père = my father
• son père = his father / her father

Even if the owner were female, you would still say son père, because père is masculine.

They are both in the present tense:

• aide = helps / is helping
• reste = remains / stays

French present tense often covers both:

• English helps
• English is helping

So mon fils aide son père can mean either my son helps his father or my son is helping his father, depending on context.

Because French usually uses the simple present where English often uses the present progressive.

So French says:

• il aide = he helps / he is helping

If you really want to stress that something is happening right now, French can use:

• être en train de

For example:

• Mon fils est en train d’aider son père.

But in most ordinary sentences, the simple present is enough.

This is the normal pattern with aider when you say someone helps another person do something:

• aider quelqu’un à faire quelque chose

So:

• il aide son père à ranger les outils

The structure is:

• son père = the person being helped
• à ranger = the action

In English, we say help someone do something. In French, it is usually aider quelqu’un à faire quelque chose.

Ranger often means:

• to put away
• to tidy up
• to arrange in order

In this sentence, because the tools are going dans une boîte, the idea is mainly putting them away neatly.

So ranger les outils is not just move the tools; it suggests organizing or storing them properly.

Les outils means the tools, so it refers to specific tools already understood from the context.

French often uses the definite article when the objects are known or visible in the situation.

Compare:

• ranger les outils = put away the tools
• acheter des outils = buy some tools

So here, les outils suggests these are the particular tools involved in the scene.

Because dans means in/inside, and a boîte is a container.

So dans une boîte means the tools are being put inside a box.

The article une is used because it is a box, not necessarily a specifically identified one. If it were a known box, French could say:

• dans la boîte = in the box

In French, la monnaie is often a singular collective noun.

It can mean:

• change
• coins
• small money

So even if several coins are involved, French can still say:

• la monnaie

That is why the verb is singular too:

• la monnaie reste

A close English equivalent is the change remains on the table.

Because the subject is la monnaie, which is singular.

Even though la monnaie may refer to several coins in a real-life sense, grammatically it is a singular noun, so the verb must also be singular:

• la monnaie reste
• not la monnaie restent

This is the same reason you would say:

• l’argent est ... not
• l’argent sont ...

Not always. The comma here is mainly a style choice.

French can use a comma before et when:

• the sentence is fairly long
• the writer wants to separate two related clauses clearly
• there is a slight pause

So both of these can be acceptable depending on style:

• ..., et la monnaie reste sur la table.
• ... et la monnaie reste sur la table.

The version with the comma feels a bit more clearly divided.