Sy inspekteer natuurlik die enjin.

In this sentence, Sy means she because it is the subject of the verb inspekteer.

A useful thing to know is that sy can also mean his in other sentences, for example sy motor = his car.
Here, though, the structure makes it clear:

• Sy inspekteer ... = She inspects ...

So in this sentence, sy is definitely the subject pronoun she.

Afrikaans verbs usually do not change form for different subjects in the present tense.

So you get:

• Ek inspekteer = I inspect
• Jy inspekteer = you inspect
• Sy inspekteer = she inspects
• Hulle inspekteer = they inspect

This is much simpler than English, where you have I inspect but she inspects.

It can mean either, depending on context.

The simple present in Afrikaans often covers both:

• a general/habitual action: she inspects
• an action happening now: she is inspecting

If you really want to emphasize an ongoing action, Afrikaans can use a progressive-style construction such as:

• Sy is besig om die enjin te inspekteer.

But the basic sentence Sy inspekteer natuurlik die enjin can already work in many contexts.

Natuurlik is an adverb.

It can mean things like:

• naturally
• of course

Exactly which nuance it has depends on context and intonation.

In this sentence, it modifies the statement inspekteer die enjin and adds the idea that the action is natural, expected, or obvious.

This is normal Afrikaans main-clause word order:

• subject
  • verb
    • adverb
      • object

So:

• Sy = subject
• inspekteer = verb
• natuurlik = adverb
• die enjin = object

Afrikaans is a verb-second language in main clauses, so the finite verb usually comes very early in the sentence, often in the second position.

Yes, it can, but the emphasis may change.

For example:

• Natuurlik inspekteer sy die enjin.
• Sy inspekteer die enjin natuurlik.

All of these are possible, but they do not feel exactly the same.
The version you were given, Sy inspekteer natuurlik die enjin, is a very normal pattern.

A learner should usually start by keeping adverbs like this in the middle of the sentence unless there is a reason to move them for emphasis.

Afrikaans uses die as the definite article for nouns, and it does not change for gender.

So:

• die man = the man
• die vrou = the woman
• die kind = the child
• die enjin = the engine

This is simpler than languages that have separate masculine, feminine, or neuter articles.

Also, die is used for both singular and plural definite nouns:

• die enjin = the engine
• die enjins = the engines

No. Afrikaans does not capitalize all nouns.

So enjin stays lowercase unless it begins the sentence or is part of a name.

That is why you see:

• Sy inspekteer natuurlik die enjin.

and not a capitalized Enjin.

In a basic yes/no question, Afrikaans usually puts the verb first:

• Inspekteer sy natuurlik die enjin?

That is the same general idea as English Does she naturally inspect the engine?, although Afrikaans does not need a separate helper like does.

Afrikaans normally uses double negation with nie ... nie.

A simple negative version of the core sentence is:

• Sy inspekteer nie die enjin nie.

If you keep natuurlik, the exact position can depend on what you want to negate or emphasize, but the important beginner point is that Afrikaans often uses two nie forms in a full negative sentence.

A rough guide is:

• Sy ≈ like English say, but not exactly the same vowel
• inspekteer ≈ in-spek-TEER
• natuurlik ≈ na-TUUR-lik
• die enjin ≈ dee EN-yin

So the whole sentence is roughly:

• Say in-spek-TEER na-TUUR-lik dee EN-yin

That is only an approximation, but it is a useful starting point for an English speaker.

Yes. Inspekteer is clearly related to English inspect and has a very familiar form for English speakers.

That is common in Afrikaans: quite a few words look similar to English words, although pronunciation and usage may differ.

So this verb is a nice example of a word that is easy to recognize, even though you still need to learn the Afrikaans grammar around it.