Breakdown of او قبل از اینکه در بورس سرمایهگذاری کند، خبرها را میخواند برای اینکه سهام خوبی بخرد.
او
he/she
درdar
in
برایbarâye
for
خبرkhabar
news
خواندنkhândan
to read / to study (a subject)
خریدنkharidan
to buy
راrâ
definite direct object marker
خوبkhub
well / good
قبل ازqabl az
before
اینکهin-ke
that (conjunction)
سهامsahâm
stocks / shares
بورسbors
stock market
سرمایهگذاری کردنsarmâye-gozâri kardan
to invest
قبل از اینکهghabl az inke
before (+ subjunctive)
Questions & Answers about او قبل از اینکه در بورس سرمایهگذاری کند، خبرها را میخواند برای اینکه سهام خوبی بخرد.
Why is the verb bekharad in the subjunctive form?
It follows barâ-ye inke (in order to / so that), which introduces an explicit purpose clause. When we state the purpose or intention of an action, the verb in that clause must be in the present subjunctive, which is why we use bekharad instead of the indicative mi-kharad.
Can barâ-ye inke also mean "because"? How do I know it means "in order to" here?
Yes, barâ-ye inke is very commonly used to mean "because". You can usually tell the difference by looking at the verb that follows it. If it means "because" (stating a fact), it takes an indicative verb. Here, it is followed by a subjunctive verb (bekharad), which shows a planned intent or purpose, so it translates to "in order to" or "so that".
Why is the first verb, sarmâye-gozâri konad, also in the subjunctive?
Just like the purpose clause, the conjunction qabl az inke (before) always triggers the subjunctive in Farsi. Even though the English translation says "Before she invests" (indicative), Farsi uses the subjunctive because the action hasn't actually happened yet at the time of the main verb.
Why is there an -i at the end of khubi in sahâm-e khubi?
This is the indefinite -i, which translates to "a" or "some". When a noun is modified by an adjective, this -i attaches to the very end of the noun phrase (onto the adjective) rather than the noun itself. So sahâm-e khubi means "some good stocks".
In English we treat "the news" as a singular noun, but here it is khabar-hâ (plural). Is that standard in Farsi?
Yes! The singular khabar usually means "a piece of news" or "a report". To refer to "the news" as a general collection of information, Farsi uses the plural khabar-hâ (or its Arabic broken plural equivalent, akhbâr). The râ is added because she is reading the news (a definite object).
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