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### The Verb "To Have"

The verb داشتن means "to have". While it is highly irregular in the present tense, it is one of the most frequently used verbs in Persian, making its forms easy to pick up through practice. 

Notice that unlike most Persian verbs in the present tense, the forms of داشتن do not begin with the prefix می. They do, however, still take the standard personal endings.

| Pronoun | Verb | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| من | دارم | I have |
| تو | داری | You have (informal) |
| او | دارد | He/She/It has |
| ما | داریم | We have |
| شما | دارید | You have (formal/plural) |
| آنها | دارند | They have |

Here is how you can use this verb to express possession, having plans, or holding an appointment. Remember that in Persian, the verb always goes at the very end of the sentence.

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### Expressing Needs

To say that you "need" something in Persian, you literally say that you "have a need to" that thing. 

To build this phrase, use the preposition به (to), followed by the noun you need, and finish with the phrase نیاز داشتن (to have a need), conjugated for the correct person.

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### Aches and Pains

Just like in English, you can use the verb "to have" to describe experiencing physical states or ailments, such as a fever or pain.

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The verb to have (dâram)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Present perfect of compound verbs

Question	Answer
time	وقتvaght
to have	داشتنdâshtan
Do you have time?	آیا شما وقت دارید؟âyâ shomâ vaght dârid?
ticket	بلیتbelit
He has a ticket today.	او امروز یک بلیت دارد.u emruz yek belit dârad.
appointment	قرارgharâr
We have an appointment tomorrow at ten o'clock.	ما فردا ساعت ده قرار داریم.mâ fardâ sâ'at-e dah gharâr dârim
problem	مشکلmoshkel
My brother has a big problem.	برادرم یک مشکل بزرگ دارد.barâdaram yek moshkel-e bozorg dârad.
need	نیازniyâz
to need	نیاز داشتنniâz dâshtan
I need a car.	من به ماشین نیاز دارم.man be mâshin niâz dâram.
news	خبرkhabar
My friend has excellent news.	دوست من یک خبر عالی دارد.dust man yek khabar-e âli dârad.
fever	تبtab
pain	دردdard
The sick man has a fever and pain.	مرد بیمار تب و درد دارد.mard bimâr tab o dard dârad.
You have a ticket for the trip.	شما برای سفر بلیت دارید.shomâ barâye safar belit dârid.
My father has heart pain.	پدرم درد قلب دارد.pedaram dard-e qalb dârad.
We need an excellent doctor.	ما به یک دکتر عالی نیاز داریم.mâ be yek doktor âli niâz dârim.
Do you have a new car?	آیا تو ماشین جدید داری؟âyâ to mâshin-e jadid dâri?
My mother has a fever.	مادر من تب دارد.mâdar man tab dârad.
I have time now.	من الان وقت دارم.man alân vaght dâram.
We have a new problem.	ما یک مشکل جدید داریم.mâ yek moshkel-e jadid dârim
The professor has a class and an appointment today.	استاد امروز کلاس و قرار دارد.ostâd emrooz kelâs va gharâr dârad.
I have excellent news.	من خبر عالی دارم.man khabar-e âli dâram.
exam	امتحانemtehân
They have an exam tomorrow morning.	آنها فردا صبح امتحان دارند.ânhâ fardâ sobh emtehân dârand.
plan / program (show) / app / application (software)	برنامهbarnâme
Do you have a plan for today?	برای امروز برنامه دارید؟barâye emruz barnâme dârid?
Do you have a math exam today?	آیا تو امروز امتحان ریاضی داری؟âyâ to emrooz emtehâne riyâzi dâri?
We have a new plan for the project.	ما یک برنامه‌ی جدید برای پروژه داریم.mâ yek barnâme-ye jadid barâye porozhe dârim.
thousand	هزارhezâr
I have a thousand books.	من هزار کتاب دارم.man hezâr ketâb dâram.
This city has a thousand streets.	این شهر هزار خیابان دارد.in shahr hezâr khiyâbân dârad.
name	اسمesm
This street has a beautiful name.	این خیابان یک اسم زیبا دارد.in khiâbân yek esm zibâ dârad.
The name of this museum is beautiful.	اسم این موزه زیبا است.esm-e in muze zibâ ast.
We need a hotel.	ما به یک هتل نیاز داریم.mâ be yek hotel niyâz dârim.
He needs money.	او به پول نیاز دارد.u be pul niyâz dârad.

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