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### Expressing Obligation: Must (باید)

To express that someone "must" or "has to" do something, use **باید**.

The word **باید** is an *impersonal* modal verb, meaning it never changes form regardless of the subject. When using **باید**, the main verb goes to the end of the clause in the **present subjunctive**.

**Subject + باید + [Rest of Sentence] + Present Subjunctive**

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### Compound Verbs with "Must"

With compound verbs, only the verbal part (the final word) changes to the subjunctive. The non-verbal part stays exactly as is.

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### Using "To Be" in Obligations

If the obligation involves a state of being (such as "must *be* careful"), use the subjunctive form of "to be", built on the stem **باش** (e.g., **باشیم** for "we be", **باشید** for "you be").

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Must (bâyad)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Present perfect of compound verbs

Question	Answer
medicine	داروdâru
I am sick and must take medicine.	من بیمار هستم و باید دارو بخورم.man bimâr hastam o bâyad dâru bokhoram.
to be careful	مواظب بودنmovâzeb budan
law	قانونqânun
to follow	رعایت کردنre'âyat kardan
We must be careful and follow the rules.	ما باید مواظب باشیم و قانون‌ها را رعایت کنیم.mâ bâyad movâzeb bâshim o qânun-hâ râ re'âyat konim.
bill	قبضghabz
to pay	پرداخت کردنpardâkht kardan
You must pay the water bill at eight o'clock.	تو باید ساعت هشت قبض آب را پرداخت کنی.to bâyad sâ'at hasht qabz âb râ pardâkht koni.
to practice	تمرین کردنtamrin kardan
I do not play, but I must practice.	من بازی نمی‌کنم، اما باید تمرین کنم.man bâzi nemi-konam, ammâ bâyad tamrin konam.
dish	ظرفzarf
They must wash the dishes.	آنها باید ظرف‌ها را بشویند.ânhâ bâyad zarf-hâ râ beshuyand.
things	وسایلvasâyel
to prepare	آماده کردنâmâde kardan
The student must prepare the things for tomorrow.	دانشجو باید وسایل را برای فردا آماده کند.dâneshju bâyad vasâyel râ barâye fardâ âmâde konad.
We do not have money and must pay for the medicine tomorrow.	ما پول نداریم و باید فردا پول دارو را پرداخت کنیم.mâ pul nadârim va bâyad fardâ pul-e dâru râ pardâkht konim.
You must pay the bills early.	شما باید قبض‌ها را زود پرداخت کنید.shomâ bâyad ghabz-hâ râ zud pardâkht konid.
She must wash the dishes tomorrow.	او باید فردا ظرف‌ها را بشوید.u bâyad fardâ zarf-hâ râ beshuyad.
You must be careful; the things are heavy.	شما باید مواظب باشید، وسایل سنگین هستند.shomâ bâyad movâzeb bâshid, vasâyel sangin hastand.
The driver must know the city and practice a lot.	راننده باید شهر را بشناسد و زیاد تمرین کند.rânande bâyad shahr râ beshenâsad va ziyâd tamrin konad.
The sick man must buy medicine today.	مرد بیمار باید امروز دارو بخرد.mard bimâr bâyad emrooz dâru bekharad.
The children must be careful inside the school.	بچه‌ها باید داخل مدرسه مواظب باشند.bache-hâ bâyad dâkhel madrese movâzeb bâshand.
The students must prepare the project and send the report.	دانشجوها باید پروژه را آماده کنند و گزارش را بفرستند.dâneshjuhâ bâyad poroje râ âmâde konand va gozâresh râ beferestand.
We must always follow the law.	ما باید همیشه قانون را رعایت کنیم.mâ bâyad hamishe qânun râ re'âyat konim.
must not, should not	نبایدnabâyad
You must not take this medicine.	شما نباید این دارو را بخورید.shomâ nabâyad in dâru râ bokhorid.
We must not forget the law.	ما نباید قانون را فراموش کنیم.mâ nabâyad qânun râ farâmush konim.

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