Breakdown of آنها باید ظرفها را بشویند.
آنها
they
راrâ
definite direct object marker
شستنshostan
to wash
بایدbâyad
must
Questions & Answers about آنها باید ظرفها را بشویند.
Why doesn't bâyad change its form to match ânhâ (they)?
In Farsi, bâyad (must) is an impersonal modal verb. This means it never changes its shape, no matter who is doing the action. You use the exact same word bâyad for I, you, we, and they! The main verb at the end of the sentence is the one that gets the matching personal ending instead.
Why does the verb for wash (beshuyand) start with be-?
Because it follows bâyad (must). After bâyad, the main verb must take the present subjunctive form. To create this form, you add the prefix be- to the present stem of the verb before adding the personal ending (like -and for they).
How do we get -shuy- from the verb to wash?
The infinitive for to wash is shostan, which is an irregular verb. Its present stem completely changes to shuy-. When building the subjunctive form here, we combine the be- prefix, the shuy- stem, and the -and ending to get beshuyand.
What is the word râ doing after the dishes?
The word râ is a marker that points out a specific direct object. Because the sentence talks about washing the dishes (a specific group of dishes, rather than just washing generally), we put râ right after zarf-hâ to show exactly what is receiving the action of the verb.