Breakdown of دانشجوها باید پروژه را آماده کنند و گزارش را بفرستند.
و
and
دانشجوdâneshju
university student
پروژهporozhe
project
راrâ
definite direct object marker
فرستادنferestâdan
to send
گزارشgozâresh
report
بایدbâyad
must
آماده کردنâmâde kardan
to prepare
Questions & Answers about دانشجوها باید پروژه را آماده کنند و گزارش را بفرستند.
How does the word bâyad (must) affect the other verbs in this sentence?
bâyad is a modal verb that means "must" or "should". When you use it, the action verbs that follow it must change to the present subjunctive (a special verb form used for obligations, wishes, or possibilities). Since the students must do two things here, both âmâde konand (prepare) and beferestand (send) are placed in the subjunctive form.
Why does the verb beferestand start with the be- prefix, but âmâde konand does not?
To make the present subjunctive, we usually add the prefix be- to the present stem, which we see in beferestand (from the verb meaning "to send"). However, âmâde kardan ("to prepare") is a compound verb made of the adjective âmâde plus the helper verb kardan (to do/make). For compound verbs using kardan, we drop the be- prefix and just use the conjugated stem konand.
Does the word bâyad change its ending to match "the students" (dâneshju-hâ)?
No, it doesn't. bâyad is an "impersonal" verb, meaning it only has one fixed form. It stays exactly the same whether you want to say "I must", "she must", or "the students must". We know who is doing the action because the main action verbs at the end of the sentence (konand and beferestand) have the "they" ending (-and).
Why do we see the word râ twice in this sentence?
râ is the definite object marker. It points out exactly what is receiving the action. Because there are two specific objects being acted upon in this sentence—the project (prože) and the report (gozâresh)—we have to put the marker râ immediately after each of them.
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