At the Market (A2)

A Saturday morning at the Mercado da Ribeira in Lisbon — or really, any market anywhere in Portugal. A customer is buying fruit and a wedge of cheese from a vendor who calls her menina and sells her peras rocha by the kilo. The dialogue is short, full of pointing and negotiation, and it showcases three bits of grammar that learners always fumble on their first trip: weights and quantities with de, the three-way demonstrative system (este / esse / aquele), and the way Portuguese reads prices out loud.

It also introduces a couple of the little verbs that power Portuguese shopping — ficar ("to cost, to come to"), the irregular present levar ("to take, as in purchase"), and the indispensable quer ("do you want"), which lands every few seconds in a market conversation.

The dialogue

Vendedor: Bom dia, minha menina! Então, o que é que vai ser hoje? Cliente: Bom dia. Queria um quilo de peras rocha, faz favor. Vendedor: Um quilinho. Estas aqui estão muito boas, ainda chegaram esta manhã. Mais alguma coisa? Cliente: Sim, queria também meio quilo de laranjas do Algarve. Aquelas ali, as mais pequenas, são doces? Vendedor: Aquelas são ótimas para sumo. Se for para comer à colher, leve antes estas aqui, têm mais sabor. Cliente: Então dê-me meio quilo dessas. Também queria uma cunha de queijo da Serra. Vendedor: Desse amarelo, ou prefere o branco? Cliente: Desse amarelo, bem curado. Vendedor: Muito bem. Uma cunha pequena ou grande? Cliente: Uma pequena. É para dois. Quanto é tudo? Vendedor: Peras, dois euros. Laranjas, um e vinte. Queijo, três e oitenta. Fica por sete euros, se faz favor. Cliente: Aqui tem dez. Tem troco? Vendedor: Tenho, sim. Três euros de troco. Obrigado, minha menina, bom fim de semana! Cliente: Igualmente! Até para a semana.

Grammar in action

Turn 1: Bom dia, minha menina! Então, o que é que vai ser hoje?

  • Minha menina is a warm, slightly old-fashioned form of address used by older stallholders to female customers of any age. It is friendly, not condescending. Men are addressed as meu senhor or meu amigo.
  • O que é que vai ser? = "What'll it be?". The classic service-industry opener.

Turn 2: Queria um quilo de peras rocha, faz favor.

  • Queria — the courtesy imperfect, exactly as at the café. Queria + quantity + de + product is the bedrock market sentence.
  • Um quilo de perasde marks the partitive. Portuguese weights and quantities always take de. See Preposition de.
  • Peras rochapera rocha is Portugal's most famous pear variety, grown in the Oeste region. Rocha here is a variety name (treated like a proper noun), so it doesn't inflect.
QuantityPortugueseUsed for
1 kgum quilo defruit, vegetables, meat, fish
500 gmeio quilo desame
100 gcem gramas decheese, cured meats, anything by weight
12 unitsuma dúzia deeggs, small fruit
1 Lum litro demilk, oil, juice
a handfuluma mão-cheia deolives, nuts, small fruit
a wedgeuma cunha decheese, watermelon
a sliceuma fatia decake, bread, cheese

Queria cem gramas de presunto, bem fininho.

I'd like a hundred grams of cured ham, sliced very thin.

Dê-me uma dúzia de ovos, faz favor.

Give me a dozen eggs, please.

Turn 3: Um quilinho. Estas aqui estão muito boas, ainda chegaram esta manhã.

  • Um quilinho = diminutive of um quilo. Not a different quantity — the suffix -inho softens the transaction. Vendors pepper their speech with diminutives: uma peninha, uma fatinha, um bocadinho.
  • Estas aqui introduces Portuguese's three-way demonstrative system: este for things near the speaker, esse for things near the listener, aquele for things far from both. English and most varieties of modern Spanish have collapsed to a two-way system; Portuguese preserves three.
DemonstrativeDistanceAdverb partner
este / esta / estes / estasnear speaker ("mine")aqui
esse / essa / esses / essasnear listener ("yours")
aquele / aquela / aqueles / aquelasfar from bothali, lá
  • Estas aqui = "these ones here" — the vendor's peras rocha, on the stall beside him. The aqui reinforces the proximity of estas. See Demonstrative Pronouns.
  • Chegaram esta manhãpreterite of chegar, 3rd plural. The pears arrived at a single moment.

Estas peras aqui são deste ano; aquelas ali são da semana passada.

These pears here are from this year's harvest; those over there are from last week.

Turn 4: Queria também meio quilo de laranjas do Algarve. Aquelas ali, as mais pequenas, são doces?

  • Meio quilo demeio is masculine (agreeing with quilo). Meia would be feminine: meia dúzia de ovos.
  • Laranjas do Algarve — the Algarve is Portugal's citrus region; it's like saying "Florida oranges". Regions always take the article: o Algarve, o Alentejo, a Madeira.
  • Aquelas ali = "those over there" — far from both speaker and listener.
  • As mais pequenas = "the smaller/smallest ones". Portuguese, unlike Spanish, keeps pequeno → mais pequeno as the regular comparative. Menor exists but is more formal.

As mais pequenas são mais doces.

The smaller ones are sweeter.

Turn 5: Aquelas são ótimas para sumo. Se for para comer à colher, leve antes estas aqui.

  • Aquelas são ótimas para sumoaquelas as a standalone pronoun. Demonstratives work as adjectives and as pronouns with the same form.
  • Se for para comer à colherfor is the future subjunctive of ser. Comer à colher means scooping a halved orange with a spoon, traditional Portuguese style.
  • Leve antes estas aquileve is você-imperative of levar ("take home"). Antes here means "instead / rather", not "before".
  • Note the spatial dance: aquelas ali (the ones the customer pointed to) versus estas aqui (in front of the vendor). The demonstratives carry a lot of information about who is standing where.

Turn 6: Então dê-me meio quilo dessas.

  • Dessas = de + essas. Portuguese contracts prepositions with demonstratives systematically: deste, desse, daquele; neste, nesse, naquele; à / às. See Demonstrative Contractions.
  • Meio quilo dessas — "half a kilo of those (near you, the vendor)". The customer uses essas because the oranges are now the vendor's to measure — they have moved into his sphere in the conversation.
  • Dê-me — imperative of você (dar, "to give"), with the enclitic pronoun me. PT-PT enclisis in action: pronoun after the verb, hyphenated. See Enclisis.

Dê-me um quilo desses tomates, faz favor.

Give me a kilo of those tomatoes (near you), please.

💡
The demonstrative switches during the conversation. When the customer first pointed at the oranges, they were aquelas ali (far from both). Once the vendor picks them up, they become essas (near him) — and the customer buys meio quilo dessas. This dynamic tracking of space is one of Portuguese's quiet sophistications.

Turn 6 (continued) + 7: Uma cunha de queijo da Serra. Desse amarelo, ou prefere o branco?

  • Uma cunha = "a wedge" (used specifically for cheese and watermelon).
  • Queijo da Serra — shorthand for Queijo Serra da Estrela, Portugal's most famous cheese: a runny, buttery sheep's-milk cheese from the Serra da Estrela mountains. It comes in two forms — amarelo (deep-coloured, cured) and branco (softer, paler, less aged).
  • Prefere — 3rd singular present of preferir, polite service register (você understood).

Turn 9: Uma pequena. É para dois.

  • Noun elided: uma cunha pequena → uma pequena. Portuguese allows ellipsis when context is clear.
  • É para dois — number alone, no noun: para dois = "for two (people)".

Turn 10: Peras, dois euros. Laranjas, um e vinte. Queijo, três e oitenta.

  • Reading prices in PT-PT — the conjunction e glues euros and cents. Dois euros (said in full), um e vinte (short for um euro e vinte cêntimos), três e oitenta (for três euros e oitenta cêntimos). In casual speech the word cêntimos is almost always dropped.
  • Written form uses the comma as decimal separator: €1,20 (not €1.20, which looks Anglo-American to a Portuguese eye).
WrittenSpoken (casual)Spoken (full)
€0,50cinquenta cêntimoscinquenta cêntimos
€1,00um euroum euro
€1,20um e vinteum euro e vinte cêntimos
€2,50dois e cinquentadois euros e cinquenta cêntimos
€3,80três e oitentatrês euros e oitenta cêntimos
€10,00dez eurosdez euros
€15,95quinze e noventa e cincoquinze euros e noventa e cinco cêntimos

Quanto é? — São três e cinquenta.

How much? — Three fifty.

É um euro ou são dois?

Is it one euro or two?

Turn 10 (continued): Fica por sete euros, se faz favor.

  • Fica — 3rd singular of ficar. With prices, ficar means "to come to / to work out at". The preposition por expresses the amount. See Ficar Location.
  • Portuguese speakers rotate three verbs for prices with tiny meaning differences: é/são (neutral "it is"), custa ("costs"), fica ("comes to", conversational). All are correct.

Fica por dez euros, tudo incluído.

It comes to ten euros all in.

Custa cinco euros.

It costs five euros.

Turns 11–13: Aqui tem dez. Tem troco? — Tenho, sim. Três euros de troco. — Até para a semana.

  • Aqui tem — idiomatic "here you are", literally "here you have".
  • Tem troco? = "have you got change?" (the coins to give from a bigger note).
  • Tenho, simecho-answer. Portuguese answers yes/no questions by echoing the verb, not with bare sim.
  • Três euros de troco — same partitive de as in um quilo de peras.
  • Para a semana = "next week". Para o mês que vem / Para o ano = next month / next year.

Things to notice

  • De binds quantities to goods: um quilo de peras, meio quilo de laranjas, cem gramas de presunto. This is the partitive de, and it is obligatory.
  • The three-way demonstrative system (este / esse / aquele) tracks spatial proximity live during the conversation. When you point, the word you choose should reflect where the object is right now, not where it was when you first saw it.
  • Prepositions contract with demonstratives exactly as they contract with articles: de + esse = desse, em + esse = nesse, de + aquele = daquele. This is not optional spelling.
  • Prices are glued with e: três e oitenta, not três oitenta or três ponto oitenta. Written form uses a comma.
  • The verbs é, fica, custa are rough synonyms in the price context, with subtle register differences.

Common mistakes

❌ Um quilo peras.

Missing partitive de.

✅ Um quilo de peras.

A kilo of pears.

❌ Deme esse queijo.

Missing hyphen, missing accent — enclitic pronoun needs both.

✅ Dê-me esse queijo.

Give me that cheese.

❌ Aquelas ali, as mais pequeninhas. (used for close-at-hand items)

Wrong demonstrative — if the items are right next to you, use estas aqui.

✅ Aquelas ali, as mais pequenas. (items across the stall)

Those over there, the smaller ones.

❌ €3.80 (reading 'três ponto oitenta')

English-style decimal — Portuguese uses a comma.

✅ €3,80 (reading 'três e oitenta')

Three euros and eighty cents.

❌ Meio dúzia de ovos.

Gender disagreement — dúzia is feminine.

✅ Meia dúzia de ovos.

Half a dozen eggs.

Key takeaways

💡
The three-way demonstrative system is one of the great quiet gifts of Portuguese. Este/a for things near you, esse/a for things near the listener, aquele/a for things far from both. Each set contracts with the prepositions em and de — so you will see deste, desse, daquele, nesse, naquele constantly. Learn them as blocks.
💡
Reading prices: glue the euros and cents with e. Write the number with a comma. Drop cêntimos in casual speech. Três e oitenta is how you say €3,80 at every till in Portugal.
💡
The markets of Portugal — Mercado da Ribeira, Mercado de Arroios, Mercado do Bolhão — are still daily-life places, not tourist theatre. The exchange in this dialogue plays out dozens of times every morning at every fruit stall in the country.

Related Topics

  • Demonstrative Pronouns (Este, Esse, Aquele)A2Portuguese has three degrees of demonstrative, not two — a pointer system based on proximity to speaker, listener, and everyone else
  • Demonstrative Contractions (Deste, Nesse, Àquele)A2How prepositions de, em, and a fuse with demonstratives to form deste, neste, àquele — the mandatory contractions of Portuguese
  • Cardinal Numbers 1-100A1How to count from um to cem in European Portuguese — gender agreement, the e conjunction, PT-PT spellings (dezasseis, dezassete, dezanove), and the cem-vs-cento boundary at one hundred.
  • Contractions with deA1How the preposition de contracts with articles, demonstratives, pronouns, and other words — a complete reference.
  • Ficar for Permanent LocationA2Using ficar to locate cities, buildings, and geographical features — the preferred European Portuguese verb for permanent places.
  • The Preposition deA1Uses of the preposition de — origin, possession, material, partitives, time, and the verbs that require it.