Abrir

Abrir means "to open," and it is one of the first verbs you will use every single day — opening doors, shops, accounts, files, and conversations. The good news for learners: abrir is a completely regular -ir verb in all of its conjugated forms. The one thing you must remember is its irregular past participle, aberto (not "abrido"), which you will meet in the perfect tenses, the passive, and as an adjective.

Meanings and uses

  • to open (physical): a door, a window, a box, a bottle.
  • to open (institutional): a shop, a bank account, a company.
  • to open / launch (digital): a file, an app, a link.
  • to turn on a tap: abrir a torneira (BR uses abrir, not "ligar," for running water).
  • to begin / open: abrir uma exceção (make an exception), abrir os trabalhos (open proceedings).
  • abrir mão de (idiom): to give up, relinquish, waive something.
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Notice that BR says abrir a torneira for "turn on the tap," because the action is literally opening the valve. For electrical things you use ligar. Water is opened; electricity is connected.

Indicative tenses

Presente do indicativo

PronounForm
euabro
tu / vocêabre
ele / elaabre
nósabrimos
vocêsabrem
eles / elasabrem

Pretérito perfeito

PronounForm
euabri
tu / vocêabriu
ele / elaabriu
nósabrimos
vocêsabriram
eles / elasabriram

Pretérito imperfeito

PronounForm
euabria
tu / vocêabria
ele / elaabria
nósabríamos
vocêsabriam
eles / elasabriam

Futuro do presente

PronounForm
euabrirei
tu / vocêabrirá
ele / elaabrirá
nósabriremos
vocêsabrirão
eles / elasabrirão

Futuro do pretérito (conditional)

PronounForm
euabriria
tu / vocêabriria
ele / elaabriria
nósabriríamos
vocêsabririam
eles / elasabririam

A padaria abre às seis da manhã todo dia.

The bakery opens at six in the morning every day.

Ontem eu abri uma conta no banco digital.

Yesterday I opened an account at the digital bank.

Quando criança, eu sempre abria os presentes antes da hora.

As a child, I always opened the presents ahead of time.

Subjunctive tenses

Presente do subjuntivo

PronounForm
que euabra
que tu / vocêabra
que ele / elaabra
que nósabramos
que vocêsabram
que eles / elasabram

Imperfeito do subjuntivo

PronounForm
se euabrisse
se tu / vocêabrisse
se ele / elaabrisse
se nósabríssemos
se vocêsabrissem
se eles / elasabrissem

Futuro do subjuntivo

PronounForm
quando euabrir
quando tu / vocêabrir
quando ele / elaabrir
quando nósabrirmos
quando vocêsabrirem
quando eles / elasabrirem

Quando você abrir a janela, deixa um pouco de ar entrar.

When you open the window, let a little air in.

Tomara que eles abram inscrições logo.

I hope they open registration soon.

Imperative

PronounAffirmativeNegative
vocêabranão abra
nósabramosnão abramos
vocêsabramnão abram
💡
In everyday spoken BR, the bare present-indicative form abre ("Abre a porta pra mim!") is extremely common as a casual command, even though the grammatically prescribed você-imperative is abra. Both are widely heard; abra is the safer written choice.

Abra a boca e diz 'aaah', por favor.

Open your mouth and say 'aaah', please. (at the doctor)

Não abra essa porta — está pintada agora há pouco.

Don't open that door — it was just painted.

Non-finite forms

FormConjugation
Infinitivo impessoalabrir
Infinitivo pessoal (eu)abrir
Infinitivo pessoal (nós)abrirmos
Infinitivo pessoal (vocês / eles)abrirem
Gerúndioabrindo
Particípioaberto (irregular)

The participle is the one place abrir misbehaves. It is aberto, never "abrido." As an adjective it agrees in gender and number: aberto, aberta, abertos, abertas.

A loja está aberta até as dez da noite.

The shop is open until ten at night.

As inscrições já foram abertas ontem.

Registration was opened yesterday.

Tenho aberto exceções demais ultimamente.

I've been making too many exceptions lately.

The idiom: abrir mão de

Abrir mão de literally means "to open one's hand from" something — to let it go — and figuratively means "to give up, relinquish, or waive" a right, a claim, or a demand. It is extremely common in everyday and formal speech alike. The verb conjugates normally; mão stays singular.

Eu não abro mão das minhas férias de julho.

I won't give up my July vacation. (I refuse to relinquish it.)

Eles abriram mão da herança para evitar brigas na família.

They gave up the inheritance to avoid family fights.

Common Mistakes

❌ A porta foi abrida pelo vento.

Incorrect — the participle of abrir is aberto, never 'abrida.'

✅ A porta foi aberta pelo vento.

The door was opened by the wind.

❌ Eu abre a janela todo dia.

Incorrect — the eu-form is abro, not abre.

✅ Eu abro a janela todo dia.

I open the window every day.

❌ Eu não abro mão dos meus direitos. → Eu não abro mãos...

Incorrect — in the idiom, mão stays singular: abrir mão de.

✅ Eu não abro mão dos meus direitos.

I won't give up my rights.

❌ Ligou a torneira para lavar as mãos.

Unnatural — in BR you 'open' a tap, not 'connect' it.

✅ Abriu a torneira para lavar as mãos.

(He/She) turned on the tap to wash their hands.

Key Takeaways

  • Abrir is a fully regular -ir verb in every conjugated form.
  • Its only irregularity is the past participle aberto, used in perfect tenses, passive, and as an agreeing adjective.
  • Use abrir (not ligar) for turning on a tap; learn the idiom abrir mão de = "to give up / relinquish."
  • In casual speech, abre! serves as an informal command even though abra is the prescribed imperative.

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