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Hanno corso fino a tardi per migliorare la resistenza fisica.

Hanno corso fino a tardi per migliorare la resistenza fisica.
They ran until late to improve their physical resistance.
From Lesson 248:Prepositions of limit (fino a)·Italian

Questions & Answers about Hanno corso fino a tardi per migliorare la resistenza fisica.

Why is it fino a tardi and not just fino tardi or fino al tardi?
The word fino usually requires the preposition a when it means "until" or "up to". Because tardi (late) is an adverb and not a noun, we just use the simple preposition a without combining it with a definite article (like al).
I thought verbs of motion like correre (to run) used essere in the past tense. Why is it hanno corso here?
It depends on the focus of the action! When correre is about the physical activity or exercise itself, it takes avere (hanno corso). It generally only takes essere when you emphasize a specific destination, like sono corsi a casa (they ran home).
Why is per used before migliorare?
In Italian, when you want to say "in order to [do something]" or express a goal, you use per followed by the infinitive verb. Here, per migliorare translates to "in order to improve" or simply "to improve".
Does resistenza fisica literally mean "physical resistance"?
Yes, literally it is "physical resistance", but in the context of sports and running, resistenza is the standard Italian word for "stamina" or "endurance".

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