Prepositions of limit (fino a)

When talking about traveling long distances, waiting until specific hours, or pushing your physical endurance, you need to express limits.

To express a spatial limit ("up to" a place) or a temporal limit ("until" a time), Italian uses the compound preposition fino a.

When followed by a city, a specific time like mezzanotte (midnight), or an adverb like tardi (late), you simply use fino a without any changes.

We covered this boring stretch up to Rome.
Abbiamo percorso questo tratto noioso fino a Roma.
I am staying awake until midnight, I haven't exhausted my energy yet.
Rimango sveglio fino a mezzanotte, non ho ancora esaurito le energie.
They ran until late to improve their physical resistance.
Hanno corso fino a tardi per migliorare la resistenza fisica.

Combining with Definite Articles

Often, you will talk about pushing yourself to "the" limit or "the" point of exhaustion. When the noun for your limit requires a definite article (il, lo, la, l'), the a in fino a must combine with it, just like the regular preposition a does.

  • a
    • il = al (fino al limite)
  • a
    • lo = allo (fino allo sfinimento)
  • a
    • l' = all' (fino all'alba)
You must push your body to the physical limit.
Devi spingere il corpo fino al limite fisico.
Marco pushes his body to the point of exhaustion.
Marco spinge il suo corpo fino allo sfinimento.
Nobody stayed awake until dawn.
Nessuno è rimasto sveglio fino all'alba.