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Icelandic

To give a direct command to one person, use the imperative mood. In Icelandic, forming the singular imperative is straightforward: take the infinitive form of the verb and drop the ending (usually the final **-a** or **-ja**).

- **hlaupa** (to run) becomes **hlaup**
- **brosa** (to smile) becomes **bros**
- **setja** (to put) becomes **set**

### Directions and Movement

To tell someone where to go, pair these command forms with direction words like **hingað** (here) and **þangað** (there).

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### Adding Adverbs

You can make your instructions more specific by adding adverbs such as **hægt** (slowly) and **varlega** (carefully).

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### Commands with Objects

Use the imperative to tell someone to interact with an object.

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### Multiple Commands and "Stop"

You can string multiple instructions together using **og** (and). Both verbs take the imperative form.

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To tell someone to *stop* doing something, use the command form of **hætta** (to stop): **hætt**. Follow it with **að** and the infinitive of the action.

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Singular commands

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Weak adjectives in the nominative (-i, -a, -a)

Question	Answer
to run	hlaupa
here (direction)	hingað
Run here!	Hlaup hingað!
there (direction)	þangað
Go there!	Far þangað!
slowly	hægt
carefully	varlega
Drive slowly and carefully!	Keyr hægt og varlega!
to smile	brosa
to show	sýna
Smile and show me the book!	Bros og sýn mér bókina!
to put	setja
Put the glass carefully on the table!	Set glasið varlega á borðið!
to give	gefa
Give me the bread!	Gef mér brauðið!
to stop	hætta
Stop running!	Hætt að hlaupa!
Come here and give me the water!	Kom hingað og gef mér vatnið!
Read the book slowly!	Les bókina hægt!
Put the chair there and smile!	Set stólinn þangað og bros!
Stop playing!	Hætt að spila!
Show me the car!	Sýn mér bílinn!
out (motion outwards)	út
I am going out now.	Ég fer út núna.
Go out!	Farðu út!
in (motion inwards)	inn
Come in!	Komdu inn!
The cat does not go in.	Kötturinn fer ekki inn.
up	upp
We walk up the mountain.	Við göngum upp á fjallið.
Go up into bed!	Farðu upp í rúmið!
where to (motion)	hvert
Where are you going now?	Hvert ferð þú núna?
Where are the children going?	Hvert fara börnin?

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