A Ana não gosta de sementes na salada, por isso tira as sementes do tomate e deita a casca fora.

In European Portuguese, it is very common to use the definite article before a person’s first name:

• A Ana
• O João
• A Maria

So A Ana simply means Ana.

This is much more common in Portuguese than in English, where we normally do not say the Ana. In Portugal, using the article with names is very natural in everyday speech and also common in informal writing.

Because the verb gostar normally requires the preposition de.

So:

• gostar de sementes = to like seeds
• não gostar de sementes = not to like seeds

This is just how the verb works in Portuguese. A native English speaker often wants to translate directly from like, but in Portuguese you usually need to remember:

• gostar de + noun
• gostar de + infinitive

Examples:

• Gosto de café. = I like coffee.
• Ela gosta de cozinhar. = She likes cooking / She likes to cook.

Na is a contraction of em + a:

• em = in
• a = the
• na = in the

So:

• na salada = in the salad

Portuguese very often contracts prepositions with articles:

• em + o = no
• em + a = na
• de + o = do
• de + a = da

This is something you will see constantly.

Por isso means therefore, for that reason, or more naturally in many contexts, so.

In this sentence:

• A Ana não gosta de sementes na salada, por isso...
• Ana doesn’t like seeds in salad, so...

It links the first idea to the result:

1. She does not like seeds in salad.
2. Therefore / so, she removes them.

It is a very common linking expression in Portuguese.

Do is a contraction of de + o:

• de = from / of
• o = the
• do = from the / of the

So:

• do tomate = from the tomato

And the whole part means:

• tira as sementes do tomate = she removes the seeds from the tomato

Again, contractions like this are standard and required in normal Portuguese.

Because the noun tomate is masculine in Portuguese:

• o tomate

So when it combines with de, you get:

• de + o tomate = do tomate

Grammatical gender in Portuguese does not always match what an English speaker might expect, so it is best to learn nouns together with their article:

• o tomate
• a salada
• a casca
• a semente

They describe two different actions:

• tirar = to remove / take out
• deitar fora = to throw away / discard

So Ana first:

• tira as sementes do tomate = removes the seeds from the tomato

Then she:

• deita a casca fora = throws the skin away

A useful way to see it is:

• tirar = take something out of somewhere
• deitar fora = get rid of something

Because deitar fora is a very common verbal expression meaning to throw away.

In Portuguese, expressions like this often allow the object to come between the verb and the final particle:

• deitar fora a casca
• deitar a casca fora

Both patterns can occur, but deitar a casca fora is very natural.

So here:

• deita = throws
• a casca = the skin/peel
• fora = away/out

Together: throws the skin away

In Portugal, deitar fora is the usual everyday verb for throw away. In Brazilian Portuguese, learners will often hear jogar fora instead.

Yes, that is also possible.

With deitar fora, both of these are natural:

• deita a casca fora
• deita fora a casca

The version in your sentence is very common and idiomatic.

If you replace the noun with a pronoun, the structure changes again, for example:

• deita-a fora = throws it away

That is worth noticing later, but for now the key point is that deitar fora works as a fixed expression meaning to throw away.

Because the tomato normally has:

• many seeds → as sementes
• one skin/peel considered as a whole → a casca

So the sentence is perfectly logical:

• she removes the seeds (plural)
• she throws away the skin (singular)

Portuguese is simply naming the parts in the way they are normally viewed.

It can mean either, depending on context.

For food, casca often means:

• skin
• peel
• rind
• shell

Examples:

• a casca da banana = the banana peel
• a casca do tomate = the tomato skin
• a casca do ovo = the eggshell

In this sentence, skin is probably the most natural translation in English, but peel may also fit depending on how literally you want to describe it.

Portuguese could use a pronoun, but repeating the noun is often clearer and completely natural.

Here you have:

• A Ana não gosta de sementes na salada, por isso tira as sementes do tomate...

The repetition helps keep the sentence clear and explicit.

A pronoun version would be possible in the right context, but it would be less straightforward for a learner. Portuguese often repeats nouns where English might prefer a pronoun.

Yes, it is in the present tense:

• não gosta
• tira
• deita

This kind of present tense is often used for:

1. a habitual action
2. a general fact about someone’s behaviour

So the sentence suggests something like:

• Ana doesn’t like seeds in salad, so she removes them from the tomato and throws the skin away.

It sounds like a normal habit or usual way of preparing salad, not necessarily a one-time action happening right now.

A very natural English version would be:

• Ana doesn’t like seeds in her salad, so she removes the seeds from the tomato and throws the skin away.

A couple of points:

• English would often say in her salad rather than just in the salad, depending on context.
• deitar fora is best translated naturally as throw away, not word-for-word.

So when reading Portuguese, it helps to translate for meaning, not structure.