O empréstimo termina este ano.

O is the definite article, meaning the. It is used when the speaker has a specific loan in mind and assumes the listener knows which one it is.

So:

• o empréstimo = the loan
• um empréstimo = a loan

In this sentence, o empréstimo suggests a particular loan already known from the context, such as your mortgage, student loan, or some other specific debt.

Yes. Empréstimo is a masculine singular noun, so it takes o in the singular:

• o empréstimo = the loan
• os empréstimos = the loans

This is something you usually just have to learn with the noun. The ending -o often suggests a masculine noun, and here that pattern is correct.

Termina is the 3rd person singular present tense of terminar.

The subject is o empréstimo, which is singular, so the verb must also be singular:

• o empréstimo termina = the loan ends

A quick breakdown:

• terminar = to end
• termino = I end
• termina = he/she/it ends, or you formal end

Here it means it ends, because the subject is the loan.

Portuguese often uses the present tense to talk about the future when there is a clear time expression.

Here, este ano makes the time reference clear, so termina naturally means ends / is ending this year.

This is very similar to English sentences like:

• The contract ends this year.
• My course finishes next month.

So even though the action is in the future, the present tense is completely normal.

Yes. Terminará is the simple future and it is grammatically correct:

• O empréstimo termina este ano.
• O empréstimo terminará este ano.

Both can mean The loan ends this year.

The difference is mostly one of style:

• termina sounds more natural and common in everyday speech
• terminará sounds a bit more formal, explicit, or written

In ordinary conversation, the present tense is often preferred when the time is already clear.

Yes, in many situations you can say:

• O empréstimo acaba este ano.

This is very natural too.

In this context:

• terminar = to end
• acabar = to end / to finish

Both work well.
Sometimes acabar can feel slightly more everyday, while terminar can sound a bit more neutral or formal, but in this sentence the difference is small.

In European Portuguese, este usually refers to something close to the speaker, including the current year.

So:

• este ano = this year
• esse ano = that year or a year associated with the listener or something previously mentioned

If you mean the current year, este ano is the normal choice.

Because time expressions like this year, today, tomorrow, last week, and next month often appear without a preposition in Portuguese, just as they often do in English.

So:

• este ano = this year
• hoje = today
• amanhã = tomorrow

You do not need a preposition such as em here.

Yes, but some versions are more natural than others.

The most neutral order is:

• O empréstimo termina este ano.

You can also say:

• Este ano, o empréstimo termina.

This puts extra focus on this year.

But something like:

• O empréstimo este ano termina

is grammatical in some contexts, yet less natural in ordinary speech.

So for a learner, the safest choice is:

• O empréstimo termina este ano.

The stress falls on pré because of the accent mark:

• em-PRÉS-ti-mo

A rough European Portuguese pronunciation is:

• em-PRÉSH-ti-mu

A few useful points:

• é shows the stressed syllable
• the s before t sounds like sh in European Portuguese
• the final o is often pronounced more like a weak u sound

So it may sound closer to em-PRÉSH-ti-mu than to a careful spelling pronunciation.

Empréstimo usually means a loan.

It can refer to:

• money borrowed from a bank or another person
• something lent or borrowed in a more general sense, depending on context

In a sentence like this, it most commonly suggests a financial loan, especially because something ending this year sounds like a repayment period or contract term coming to an end.

It can be used for many kinds of things that come to an end, not just physical objects.

For example:

• O filme termina às dez. = The film ends at ten.
• O contrato termina amanhã. = The contract ends tomorrow.
• O curso termina em junho. = The course ends in June.

So in O empréstimo termina este ano, the idea is that the loan period or loan agreement comes to an end this year.