Se sbagli la risposta, puoi ascoltare di nuovo la domanda.

Se means if.

So Se sbagli la risposta means If you get the answer wrong or more literally If you make a mistake in the answer.

It introduces a condition, just like if in English.

Sbagli comes from the verb sbagliare, which means to make a mistake, to be wrong, or to get something wrong.

Here, sbagli la risposta means you get the answer wrong.

It is:

• sbaglio = I get wrong / I make a mistake
• sbagli = you get wrong
• sbaglia = he/she gets wrong

In Italian, sbagliare can take a direct object. So sbagliare la risposta is a normal way to say to get the answer wrong.

That means:

• sbagliare una risposta = to answer incorrectly / to get an answer wrong

English often uses a different structure, but in Italian this direct-object pattern is very common.

Because Italian usually leaves out subject pronouns when they are already clear from the verb form.

In:

• sbagli = you get wrong
• puoi = you can

the ending of the verb already tells you the subject is you.

You could say Se tu sbagli la risposta, tu puoi ascoltare di nuovo la domanda, but that sounds unnecessary unless you want emphasis.

Puoi is from potere, meaning can or to be able to.

So:

• puoi ascoltare = you can listen

This is the normal Italian pattern:

• conjugated modal verb + infinitive

Examples:

• puoi andare = you can go
• devi studiare = you must study
• vuoi provare = you want to try

Di nuovo means again or anew.

So:

• ascoltare di nuovo la domanda = to listen to the question again

It is a very common way to say again in Italian.

Another common option is ancora, but di nuovo often sounds especially natural for again in the sense of one more time.

Because Italian usually places the direct object after the verb phrase.

So:

• ascoltare la domanda = to listen to the question
• ascoltare di nuovo la domanda = to listen to the question again

This word order is very natural in Italian:

• verb
• adverb/expression like di nuovo
• object

You could sometimes hear different word orders for emphasis, but this is the standard neutral one.

Because both nouns are feminine singular:

• la risposta = the answer
• la domanda = the question

Their basic forms are:

• una risposta / la risposta
• una domanda / la domanda

Italian uses articles very regularly, often more regularly than English does.

Yes. Italian often uses the present tense after se when talking about a real possible condition in the future.

So:

• Se sbagli la risposta, puoi ascoltare di nuovo la domanda.

Literally, both verbs are present:

• if you get the answer wrong
• you can listen again

This is completely normal Italian.

Compare:

• Se hai fame, mangi. = If you’re hungry, you eat.
• Se domani piove, restiamo a casa. = If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay home.

Italian does not need a future tense here.

Yes. Riascoltare means to listen again or to listen to again.

So these are both natural:

• puoi ascoltare di nuovo la domanda
• puoi riascoltare la domanda

The version in your sentence is very clear and beginner-friendly. The version with ri- is a little more compact.

It is grammatically built with tu forms:

• sbagli
• puoi

So it is informal singular: it is speaking to one person in the tu form.

A formal version would be:

• Se sbaglia la risposta, può ascoltare di nuovo la domanda.

And a plural version would be:

• Se sbagliate la risposta, potete ascoltare di nuovo la domanda.

Yes, in some contexts domanda can also mean request or application.

But in this sentence, because of risposta and ascoltare, it clearly means question.

So here:

• domanda = question
• risposta = answer

Not exactly.

• ascoltare = to listen
• sentire = to hear

In this sentence, ascoltare is the right choice because the idea is actively listening to the question again.

So:

• puoi ascoltare di nuovo la domanda = you can listen to the question again

Using sentire would change the nuance.