Di puncak, udara begitu tipis sehingga beberapa orang harus duduk sebentar untuk mengatur napas.

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Questions & Answers about Di puncak, udara begitu tipis sehingga beberapa orang harus duduk sebentar untuk mengatur napas.

In di puncak, what does di mean, and could I say just puncak or use ke puncak instead?

di is a preposition meaning at / in / on (a location).
So di puncak = at the peak / on the summit.

  • di puncak → location: at the top
  • ke puncak → direction: to the top
  • dari puncak → origin: from the top

You normally cannot just say puncak by itself here; you need a preposition for a place phrase. So:

  • Di puncak, udara… = At the top, the air…
  • Puncak, udara… ❌ (sounds incomplete/wrong in standard Indonesian)

How does the structure begitu … sehingga … work in this sentence?

begitu … sehingga … is a pattern that means “so … that …”:

  • udara begitu tipisthe air is so thin
  • sehingga beberapa orang harus duduk…that some people have to sit…

So the whole part is: “the air is so thin that some people have to sit for a while to catch their breath.”

Compare:

  • udara sangat tipis = the air is very thin (just a strong description; no result clause)
  • udara begitu tipis sehingga … = the air is so thin that … (explicit cause → result)

In spoken Indonesian, you might also hear:

  • udara sangat tipis sampai beberapa orang harus duduk… (similar meaning; sampai used like sehingga, more colloquial)

Why is tipis used for air? I thought it meant “thin” like for paper.

Literally, tipis means thin (not thick):

  • kertas tipis = thin paper
  • buku tipis = thin book

By extension, udara tipis is a very natural and common phrase meaning “thin air”, i.e. low-oxygen / low-density air at high altitude. It’s metaphorical but completely standard.

Other examples of this extended use:

  • rambutnya tipis = their hair is thin (not much hair)
  • kabutnya tipis = the fog is thin / light

So udara begitu tipis is exactly how you’d say “the air is so thin” in Indonesian.


Why is it beberapa orang and not beberapa orang-orang? How does plural work here?

beberapa already indicates “several / some (plural)”, so you do not add -orang twice.

  • orang = person / people (depends on context)
  • orang-orang = people (plural, often “people in general”)
  • beberapa orang = several people / some people ✅
  • beberapa orang-orang ❌ (redundant / incorrect)

Very common patterns:

  • tiga orang = three people
  • banyak orang = many people
  • beberapa orang = several people

Indonesian usually does not need a separate plural marker when a word like beberapa, banyak, tiga, etc., already gives the idea of “more than one”.


What is the nuance of harus here? Is it “must”, “have to”, or “should”?

harus generally means must / have to / be obliged to.

In this sentence:

  • beberapa orang harus duduk sebentar
    some people have to sit for a while

It suggests necessity, not just a suggestion. Because the air is thin, they need to sit down (to recover), not just “it would be nice if they did”.

Rough comparison:

  • harus duduk = must / have to sit (necessary)
  • sebaiknya duduk = should sit (advisable, softer)
  • boleh duduk = may / allowed to sit (permission)

What does sebentar add in duduk sebentar? How is it different from duduk dulu or duduk sejenak?

sebentar means for a short time / briefly.
So duduk sebentar = sit for a moment / sit briefly.

Nuances:

  • duduk sebentar
    Neutral, just says the sitting won’t be long.

  • duduk sejenak
    Very similar to sebentar, maybe a bit more literary/formal, but both are common.

  • duduk dulu
    Literally “sit first”. Often used as a friendly suggestion like “why don’t you sit (for now)”. Focus is less on duration and more on doing this action before something else.

In this sentence, duduk sebentar focuses on the short duration they need to rest because of the thin air.


What exactly does mengatur napas mean? Is it an idiom like “catch one’s breath”?

Yes. mengatur napas literally is “to regulate/arrange one’s breath”, and it’s used very much like “to catch your breath / control your breathing”.

Breakdown:

  • atur = arrange, regulate, set in order
  • mengatur = to arrange / regulate / control
  • napas = breath

Common expressions:

  • mengatur napas = control/catch (one’s) breath
  • menahan napas = hold (one’s) breath
  • mengambil napas = take a breath
  • bernapas = to breathe

So duduk sebentar untuk mengatur napas = sit for a moment to catch (their) breath.


I’ve seen both napas and nafas. Which one is correct?

The official modern spelling is napas.

  • napas = standard Indonesian (KBBI, official usage)
  • nafas = older / non-standard spelling, but still very common informally (especially online, in song lyrics, etc.)

Meaning is the same; for formal or correct writing, use napas.


What does sehingga do here, and how is it different from jadi or karena itu?

sehingga introduces a result clause, similar to “so that / to the point that / as a result”.

In the sentence:

  • udara begitu tipis → cause
  • sehingga beberapa orang harus duduk… → result

Rough English: “the air is so thin that some people have to sit…”

Comparison:

  • sehingga
    More formal/neutral, often used in writing; directly links cause → result, especially after begitu … patterns.

  • jadi
    Very common in speech, like “so / so then”.
    Udara sangat tipis, jadi beberapa orang harus duduk… (colloquial, fine in conversation.)

  • karena itu
    Literally “because of that / for that reason”; emphasizes reasoning, slightly more formal than jadi.
    Udara sangat tipis; karena itu, beberapa orang harus duduk…

In this specific pattern begitu … sehingga …, sehingga is the most natural choice.


There is no past tense marker here. How do I know if this describes a past event or a general situation?

Indonesian verbs usually don’t change form for tense. Time is understood from context or from time words.

The sentence as given could be:

  • a description of a specific past trip
  • a general description of what it’s like at that summit
  • a report of something happening right now

To mark time more clearly, you add time expressions, for example:

  • Waktu kami sampai di puncak, udara begitu tipis sehingga beberapa orang harus duduk sebentar untuk mengatur napas.
    When we arrived at the summit, the air was so thin that some people had to sit for a while to catch their breath. (clearly past)

  • Di puncak, udara biasanya begitu tipis sehingga beberapa orang harus duduk sebentar untuk mengatur napas.
    At the summit, the air is usually so thin that some people have to sit for a while to catch their breath. (general habit/situation)

The verb forms stay the same; the adverbs / context do the tense work.