Breakdown of ورزشکاران باید از اینکه مسابقه را بدون گرم کردن شروع کنند، بپرهیزند.
ازaz
from
شروع کردنshoru' kardan
to start
راrâ
definite direct object marker
بایدbâyad
must
مسابقهmosâbeghe
match / competition
بدونbedun-e
without
اینکهin-ke
that (conjunction)
پرهیز کردنparhiz kardan
to avoid / to abstain
ورزشکارvarzeshkâr
athlete
گرم کردنgarm kardan
to warm up
Questions & Answers about ورزشکاران باید از اینکه مسابقه را بدون گرم کردن شروع کنند، بپرهیزند.
Why are both شروع کنند and بپرهیزند in the subjunctive form here?
The sentence has two different subjunctive triggers. The modal verb باید ('must') forces the main verb of the sentence, بپرهیزند ('they avoid'), into the subjunctive. Then, the connector phrase از اینکه ('from this that') used with a verb of avoidance triggers the subjunctive for the subordinate verb شروع کنند ('they start').
Could I rewrite this sentence without using اینکه?
Yes! Instead of using اینکه and a conjugated subjunctive verb, you can use از followed directly by an infinitive. You could say از شروع کردن مسابقه بپرهیزند ('avoid starting the match'). The meaning remains exactly the same, but using اینکه allows you to be more explicit if the subject of the second verb needs to be different.
Why do we use the infinitive گرم کردن (garm kardan) after بدون (bedun-e)?
In Farsi, the full infinitive is often used exactly where English uses a gerund (an '-ing' verb acting as a noun). When following a preposition like بدون ('without'), you use the infinitive to mean 'without doing something.' Therefore, بدون گرم کردن simply means 'without warming up.'
Where does the verb بپرهیزند (beparhizand) come from, and is it a simple or compound verb?
It is the present subjunctive of the formal simple verb پرهیزیدن ('to avoid'), built with the present stem پرهیز (parhiz). In everyday spoken Farsi, you will more commonly hear its compound equivalent, پرهیز کردن (parhiz kardan), but the simple verb is very common in formal advice or written rules like this.
Why does ورزشکاران end in -ان instead of -ها?
Both suffixes make a noun plural. The suffix -ها is the standard, universal plural marker in modern Farsi. The suffix -ان is a plural marker used for living beings (like people and animals) and gives the sentence a slightly more formal, literary, or journalistic tone.
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