Gastar

Gastar is a regular -ar verb covering "to spend" (money or time), "to use up," and "to wear out." Like its near-opposite ganhar (to earn), it is morphologically simple — all endings are textbook regular — and its single notable feature is a double past participle: the short, irregular gasto alongside the regular gastado, with Brazilian usage leaning heavily toward gasto.

Meanings and uses

  • to spend (money): Gastei trezentos reais no mercado.
  • to spend / use (time, effort): Gastei a tarde toda nisso.
  • to use up / consume (fuel, resources): Esse carro gasta muita gasolina.
  • to wear out (clothes, shoes, parts): Gastei a sola do tênis.
  • gastar com — to spend on something/someone: Gasto demais com comida.
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English uses "spend" for both money and time, and so does Portuguese with gastar — but be careful: for spending time in the sense of enjoying or passing it pleasantly, BR often prefers passar (passar o fim de semana na praia). Use gastar when the nuance is consumption or even waste of time: gastei duas horas na fila ("I wasted two hours in line").

Indicative tenses

Presente do indicativo

PronounForm
eugasto
tu / vocêgasta
ele / elagasta
nósgastamos
vocêsgastam
eles / elasgastam

The eu-form gasto is identical to the short participle — context disambiguates (Eu gasto = I spend; foi gasto = was spent).

Pretérito perfeito

PronounForm
eugastei
tu / vocêgastou
ele / elagastou
nósgastamos
vocêsgastaram
eles / elasgastaram

Pretérito imperfeito

PronounForm
eugastava
tu / vocêgastava
ele / elagastava
nósgastávamos
vocêsgastavam
eles / elasgastavam

Futuro do presente

PronounForm
eugastarei
tu / vocêgastará
ele / elagastará
nósgastaremos
vocêsgastarão
eles / elasgastarão

Futuro do pretérito (conditional)

PronounForm
eugastaria
tu / vocêgastaria
ele / elagastaria
nósgastaríamos
vocêsgastariam
eles / elasgastariam

Gastei quase tudo no aluguel esse mês.

I spent almost everything on rent this month.

Esse carro gasta muito, troquei por um mais econômico.

That car uses a lot of gas, I traded it for a more economical one.

Antigamente eu gastava uma fortuna saindo todo fim de semana.

I used to spend a fortune going out every weekend.

Não gaste tudo de uma vez, guarda um pouco.

Don't spend it all at once, save a little.

Subjunctive tenses

Presente do subjuntivo

PronounForm
que eugaste
que tu / vocêgaste
que ele / elagaste
que nósgastemos
que vocêsgastem
que eles / elasgastem

Imperfeito do subjuntivo

PronounForm
se eugastasse
se tu / vocêgastasse
se ele / elagastasse
se nósgastássemos
se vocêsgastassem
se eles / elasgastassem

Futuro do subjuntivo

PronounForm
quando eugastar
quando tu / vocêgastar
quando ele / elagastar
quando nósgastarmos
quando vocêsgastarem
quando eles / elasgastarem

Não acho que ela gaste tanto quanto fala.

I don't think she spends as much as she says.

Quando eu gastar todo o crédito, recarrego o celular.

When I use up all the credit, I'll top up the phone.

Se você gastasse menos com besteira, sobraria pra viajar.

If you spent less on junk, you'd have enough left over to travel.

Imperative

PronounAffirmativeNegative
tugastanão gastes
vocêgastenão gaste
nósgastemosnão gastemos
vocêsgastemnão gastem

Gasta com saúde, não com bobagem.

Spend on your health, not on nonsense.

Não gastem todo o orçamento no primeiro dia.

Don't spend the whole budget on the first day.

Non-finite forms and the double participle

FormConjugation
Infinitivo impessoalgastar
Infinitivo pessoal (eu)gastar
Infinitivo pessoal (nós)gastarmos
Infinitivo pessoal (vocês / eles)gastarem
Gerúndiogastando
Particípio regulargastado
Particípio curto (irregular)gasto

Like ganhar, gastar has two past participles. The traditional rule:

  • Use the regular participle gastado with ter and haver (the compound/perfect tenses): Eu tinha gastado tudo.
  • Use the short participle gasto with ser and estar (passive and adjectival): O dinheiro foi gasto à toa.

As with ganho, Brazilian usage increasingly extends gasto to the compound tenses too: Eu tinha gasto tudo is what most speakers actually say. The regular gastado remains correct and is the prudent choice in formal exams, but in everyday BR gasto dominates across the board.

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Notice the parallel with ganhar: both verbs have a short participle (gasto, ganho) that is mandatory in the passive and winning out in the perfect tenses. If you learn the pair together, you've covered two of the most common double-participle verbs in BR at once.

As an adjective with ser/estar, gasto agrees in gender and number — and here it leans toward "worn out, threadbare": uma roupa gasta, pneus gastos.

Eu já tinha gastado o salário inteiro antes do dia vinte.

I'd already spent my whole salary before the twentieth. (prescriptive participle with ter)

Eu já tinha gasto o salário inteiro antes do dia vinte.

I'd already spent my whole salary before the twentieth. (the form most Brazilians say)

Todo o orçamento foi gasto em propaganda.

The entire budget was spent on advertising. (passive: always gasto)

Esses pneus estão muito gastos, precisa trocar.

These tires are very worn, you need to replace them. (adjective, agreeing: gastos)

Common Mistakes

❌ Eu passei duzentos reais no supermercado.

Wrong verb — you spend (gastar) money; passar doesn't mean 'spend money.'

✅ Eu gastei duzentos reais no supermercado.

I spent two hundred reais at the supermarket.

❌ O dinheiro foi gastado em bobagem.

Marked — in the passive, BR strongly prefers the short participle: gasto.

✅ O dinheiro foi gasto em bobagem.

The money was spent on nonsense.

❌ Esses sapatos estão muito gastados.

Unnatural as an adjective — the worn-out sense uses gasto: gastos.

✅ Esses sapatos estão muito gastos.

These shoes are very worn out.

❌ Não acho que ele gasta tanto assim.

Incorrect — não acho que triggers the subjunctive: gaste.

✅ Não acho que ele gaste tanto assim.

I don't think he spends that much.

Key Takeaways

  • Gastar is a regular -ar verb meaning to spend (money or time), to use up, and to wear out.
  • It has a double participle: regular gastado (prescriptive with ter/haver) and short gasto (with ser/estar, and increasingly everywhere in BR).
  • In the passive and as an adjective, BR almost always uses gasto, which agrees: gasto, gasta, gastos, gastas.
  • For money you gasta; for pleasantly passing time you usually passa — reserve gastar for consumption or waste of time.

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