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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Expressing obligation

To say that you "have to" or "must" do something, use the verb **ter** (to have) followed by the preposition **de** and an infinitive verb. 

First, let's review the present tense conjugation of the irregular verb **ter**:

| Pronoun | Ter (Present) |
| --- | --- |
| Eu | tenho |
| Tu | tens |
| Ele / Ela / Você | tem |
| Nós | temos |
| Eles / Elas / Vocês | têm |

Notice that the plural form **têm** takes a circumflex accent to distinguish it from the singular **tem**.

### Chores and daily routines

Use **ter de** to talk about daily tasks and household chores.

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### Work and schedules

This structure is equally useful for discussing work responsibilities, meetings, and deadlines.

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### Negating an obligation

To express that someone does *not* have to do something, place **não** immediately before the conjugated form of **ter**.

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Expressing obligation (ter de)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

Question	Answer
to have to	ter de
to wake up	acordar
I have to wake up early tomorrow.	Eu tenho de acordar cedo amanhã.
What time do you have to wake up today?	A que horas tens de acordar hoje?
to tidy up	arrumar
My son has to tidy his room.	O meu filho tem de arrumar o quarto.
to clean	limpar
We have to tidy and clean the house.	Temos de arrumar e limpar a casa.
The lady has to clean the living room today.	A senhora tem de limpar a sala hoje.
to cook	cozinhar
They have to cook the fish for dinner.	Eles têm de cozinhar o peixe para o jantar.
Dad has to cook the meat tomorrow.	O pai tem de cozinhar a carne amanhã.
to prepare	preparar
I have to prepare the meeting tomorrow.	Tenho de preparar a reunião amanhã.
the report	o relatório
the boss (m)	o chefe
You have to do the report for the boss.	Tens de fazer o relatório para o chefe.
The teachers have to read the report today.	Os professores têm de ler o relatório hoje.
to send	enviar
the message	a mensagem
You have to send the message to the doctor.	Vocês têm de enviar a mensagem ao médico.
the client	o cliente
We have to send the passport to the client.	Temos de enviar o passaporte ao cliente.
The client doesn't have to send the message now.	O cliente não tem de enviar a mensagem agora.
Who has to prepare dinner at the restaurant?	Quem tem de preparar o jantar no restaurante?
The boss has to work in the office.	O chefe tem de trabalhar no escritório.
to have a cold	estar constipado
I have a cold and I have to rest.	Eu estou constipado e tenho de descansar.
She has a cold.	Ela está constipada.
to hurt	doer
The hand hurts.	A mão dói.
The heart hurts.	O coração dói.
the nurse	o enfermeiro
The nurse works at the hospital.	O enfermeiro trabalha no hospital.
The nurse is friendly.	A enfermeira é simpática.
the clinic	a clínica
The clinic is near the hospital.	A clínica está perto do hospital.
I am going to the clinic.	Eu vou à clínica.
the pharmacist	o farmacêutico
The pharmacist works at the pharmacy.	O farmacêutico trabalha na farmácia.
The pharmacist speaks with the customer.	O farmacêutico fala com o cliente.

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