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Portuguese (Portugal)

In European Portuguese, the continuous tense is formed with **estar + a + infinitive**. To add nuance, short adverbs like **sempre** (always), **ainda** (still), **já** (already), and **só** (just/only) are frequently placed directly between **estar** and **a**.

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This word order is a hallmark of natural, spoken European Portuguese. It is especially common when emphasizing repetitive or ongoing actions in busy environments.

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Adverbs in the continuous (estar sempre a)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the daycare	a creche
She is always crying at the daycare.	Ela está sempre a chorar na creche.
Since it is a new daycare, we have to go there.	Visto que é uma creche nova, temos de ir lá.
the kindergarten teacher	a educadora
the nap	a sesta
The kindergarten teacher is still preparing the nap.	A educadora está ainda a preparar a sesta.
The kindergarten teacher has to speak with the parents.	A educadora tem de falar com os pais.
The baby is just taking a nap.	O bebé está só a fazer a sesta.
Since he is tired, he has to take a nap.	Dado que está cansado, ele tem de fazer uma sesta.
the baby bottle	o biberão
I am already warming the baby bottle.	Eu estou já a aquecer o biberão.
the diaper	a fralda
We have to wash the baby bottle and change the diaper.	Temos de lavar o biberão e mudar a fralda.
The boy is always taking off the diaper!	O menino está sempre a tirar a fralda!
We have to change the diaper since it is dirty.	Temos de mudar a fralda já que está suja.
the pacifier	a chupeta
The girl is still looking for the pacifier.	A menina está ainda a procurar a chupeta.
The baby lost a pacifier at the daycare.	O bebé perdeu uma chupeta na creche.
the crib	o berço
The cats are always sleeping in the crib.	Os gatos estão sempre a dormir no berço.
Since we have a baby, we have to buy a crib.	Visto que temos um bebé, temos de comprar um berço.
the lap	o colo
He is just asking for the lap.	Ele está só a pedir colo.
The boy is already sleeping on the lap.	O menino está já a dormir ao colo.
to crawl (on hands and knees)	gatinhar
The girls are already crawling in the living room.	As meninas estão já a gatinhar na sala.
Given that he is crawling, we have to close the door.	Dado que ele está a gatinhar, temos de fechar a porta.
the potty	o bacio
The boy is always crying on the potty.	O menino está sempre a chorar no bacio.
He is just using the potty now.	Ele está só a usar o bacio agora.