Para la ruta, mi madre me presta una brújula y un bastón.

Para la ruta means for the route / for the hike / for the trail depending on context.

Here para shows purpose: the compass and walking stick are being lent for use on the route.

So the structure is roughly:

• Para la ruta = for the hike/route
• mi madre = my mother
• me presta = lends me
• una brújula y un bastón = a compass and a walking stick

In natural English, this opening phrase might also be translated as For the hike, my mother lends me a compass and a walking stick.

Not necessarily just a road or route in the strict English sense.

In Spanish, ruta can mean:

• a route
• an itinerary
• a trail
• a hike or planned outdoor path

In this sentence, because of una brújula and un bastón, it strongly suggests an outdoor route, trail, or hike.

So although ruta often looks like English route, the best translation depends on context.

Because me is an indirect object pronoun, and in Spanish these pronouns usually go before a conjugated verb.

Here:

• mi madre = the person doing the action
• presta = lends
• me = to me

So mi madre me presta literally means my mother lends to me.

Spanish often uses this pattern:

• Me da un libro = He/She gives me a book
• Te compra pan = He/She buys you bread
• Nos presta dinero = He/She lends us money

Even though English often puts me after the verb, Spanish normally puts the pronoun before it.

Because me already means to me.

So mi madre me presta una brújula already fully expresses my mother lends me a compass.

You could add a mí for emphasis or contrast:

• Mi madre me presta una brújula a mí, no a ti = My mother lends a compass to me, not to you

But in a neutral sentence, me alone is enough.

Presta is the third-person singular present tense of prestar, which means to lend.

So:

• yo presto = I lend
• tú prestas = you lend
• él/ella presta = he/she lends

Since the subject is mi madre, we use presta.

Important nuance: prestar means giving something temporarily, with the idea that it will be returned.

So this is different from:

• dar = to give
• dejar = to leave / to allow / sometimes to lend depending on context

In Spain, prestar is the clearest verb for to lend.

Both can sometimes relate to lending, but they are not identical.

• prestar = to lend
• dejar = to leave, to let, to allow, and sometimes to lend in some contexts

For a learner, the safest choice for lend is prestar.

Examples:

• Mi madre me presta una brújula = My mother lends me a compass
• Mi madre me deja salir = My mother lets me go out

So in this sentence, presta avoids ambiguity and clearly means lends.

In standard modern Spanish, possessive adjectives like mi, tu, su, nuestro normally appear without an article before the noun.

So you say:

• mi madre = my mother
• mi libro = my book
• tu casa = your house

Not:

• la mi madre

That kind of structure is not standard in normal modern Spanish.

Because the nouns have different grammatical genders:

• brújula is feminine → una brújula
• bastón is masculine → un bastón

This is why the articles change:

• una for feminine singular nouns
• un for masculine singular nouns

A useful note: the ending often helps, but not always.

• brújula ends in -a, so feminine is not surprising
• bastón ends in -ón, and many such nouns are masculine

It can mean either, depending on context.

The Spanish present tense often covers:

• a habitual action: My mother lends me...
• a current action: My mother is lending me...
• sometimes even a near-future idea: My mother will lend me...

Without more context, English could translate it in different ways. If the sentence is just describing the situation, my mother lends me a compass and a walking stick is fine.

Un bastón means a walking stick / a cane, introducing it as an unspecified item.

If you said el bastón, that would mean the walking stick, referring to a specific one already known in the conversation.

So:

• un bastón = a walking stick
• el bastón = the walking stick

Here, because the items are being introduced for the first time, un/una is the natural choice.

Yes. That version is completely natural.

Both are possible:

• Para la ruta, mi madre me presta una brújula y un bastón.
• Mi madre me presta una brújula y un bastón para la ruta.

The difference is mainly focus:

• Starting with Para la ruta emphasizes the purpose or situation first
• Putting it at the end sounds a bit more neutral

Spanish allows this kind of flexibility more easily than English.

Because brújula is stressed on the first syllable: BRÚ-ju-la.

Spanish spelling rules require an accent mark on words with stress patterns that do not follow the default rules. Since brújula is a proparoxytone word, it always carries a written accent.

So the accent mark tells you where the stress goes:

• brújula, not bruJÚla or brujuLA

Yes. Bastón can mean:

• walking stick
• cane
• staff

The best translation depends on context.

In this sentence, because it is connected with la ruta, walking stick is probably the most natural interpretation. If the context were about an older person or mobility, cane might fit better.