Mi madre sacó una cazuela grande del armario y colgó su chaqueta en el perchero de la entrada.

They are in the pretérito indefinido because the sentence describes completed actions in a narrative:

• sacó = she took out
• colgó = she hung

This tense is very common when telling a sequence of events. The idea is that your mother did one thing and then another, both as finished actions.

If you used the imperfect instead, it would sound more like background description or repeated/habitual action, not two completed steps in a story.

Spanish often does not repeat the subject when it is already clear.

So:

• Mi madre sacó... y colgó...

naturally means:

• My mother took out... and hung...

The second verb, colgó, still has the same subject, mi madre. Repeating mi madre would usually sound unnecessary unless you wanted extra emphasis or contrast.

Cazuela can mean a cooking pot, stew pot, or casserole dish, depending on context.

In Spain, it often suggests a deeper cooking vessel, and in some contexts it can even refer to an earthenware dish. So it is not always exactly the same as English saucepan.

In this sentence, una cazuela grande is simply a large pot / casserole dish taken out of a cupboard.

In Spanish, most descriptive adjectives normally come after the noun:

• una cazuela grande = a big pot

Putting grande before the noun is unusual here and would sound literary, emphatic, or unnatural in ordinary speech.

So the normal order is:

• noun + adjective
• cazuela grande

Gran is the shortened form of grande, but it is only used before a singular noun:

• una gran idea
• un gran problema

However, gran usually means great or important, not just physically big.

Here the meaning is literal size, so Spanish uses:

• una cazuela grande = a large pot

If you said una gran cazuela, it could sound more like an excellent / impressive casserole dish rather than simply a big one.

Del is the contraction of:

• de + el = del

So:

• del armario = from the cupboard / from the wardrobe / out of the cabinet

Spanish normally contracts de el into del whenever possible.

Compare:

• de la entrada → no contraction, because la does not contract
• only de + el becomes del

Armario usually means a cupboard, cabinet, closet, or wardrobe, depending on context.

In this sentence, because she takes out a large pot, armario is most naturally understood as a kitchen cupboard/cabinet.

So the exact English word depends on the situation, but the Spanish word is broad enough to cover several storage furniture meanings.

Because su in Spanish can mean several things:

• his
• her
• your (formal)
• their

Spanish often relies on context to make this clear.

Here, since the subject is mi madre, the natural reading is her jacket. In other words, it is understood from the sentence, even though su by itself is less specific than English her.

If needed, Spanish can make it explicit:

• la chaqueta de mi madre

But that is not necessary here.

With colgar, Spanish commonly uses en to indicate the place where something ends up hanging:

• colgar algo en un perchero
• colgar algo en la pared
• colgar algo en un gancho

So:

• colgó su chaqueta en el perchero = she hung her jacket on the coat rack

You may sometimes hear other structures in some contexts, but en is the most standard and natural choice here.

Perchero means a coat rack, coat stand, or set of hooks for hanging coats.

It does not tell you exactly what type:

• a standing coat rack
• a wall-mounted rack
• hooks by the door

All of those could be un perchero depending on context.

De la entrada means something like:

• in the entrance area
• by the front door
• in the hall / entryway

So:

• el perchero de la entrada = the coat rack in the entrance hall / by the entrance

This de is very common in Spanish to connect one noun to another, where English might use of, in, by, or even just turn it into an adjective-like phrase.

It does not literally need to be translated as of the entrance in natural English.

The accent marks show both pronunciation and verb form.

• sacó
• colgó

These are third-person singular preterite forms:

• yo saqué / él, ella sacó
• yo colgué / él, ella colgó

The written accent helps distinguish these forms and shows the stress falls on the final syllable:

• sa-CÓ
• col-GÓ

Without the accent, they would not be the correct standard written forms.

Normally, no. In standard Spanish, you would usually say:

• Mi madre...

Just saying Madre by itself is not the normal equivalent of my mother in a sentence like this.

Spanish uses possessive adjectives very naturally with family members when identifying them:

• mi madre
• mi padre
• mi hermano

You might hear mamá in casual speech, but in a neutral sentence like this, mi madre is the standard form.

The sentence follows a very typical and natural Spanish order:

• Mi madre = subject
• sacó = verb
• una cazuela grande = direct object
• del armario = source/place it came from
• y colgó su chaqueta = second action
• en el perchero de la entrada = location

Spanish word order is somewhat flexible, but this version sounds neutral and natural. Rearranging parts is possible, but it would usually add emphasis or sound less straightforward.

For example:

• Del armario sacó una cazuela grande...

is possible, but it emphasizes del armario more.