En geografía, mi tutora nos enseñó un atlas con mapas de cada continente.

En geografía means in geography class or in geography as a school subject.

In Spanish, school subjects are often used without the article after en:

• En matemáticas...
• En historia...
• En geografía...

You can say en la clase de geografía if you want to be more explicit, but en geografía is very natural.

Tutora is the feminine form of tutor.

In Spain, tutor/tutora can mean a teacher who is responsible for a class group, similar to a form tutor or homeroom teacher, depending on context. In some situations it can also just mean a female mentor or supervisor.

Here, it refers to a female teacher/tutor, which is why it is feminine:

• mi tutor = my male tutor
• mi tutora = my female tutor

Spanish uses short possessive adjectives before the noun:

• mi libro
• mi profesora
• mi tutora

So mi tutora means my tutor.

Forms like mío/mía are usually used after the noun or on their own:

• una tutora mía = a tutor of mine
• La tutora es mía = the tutor is mine

So before the noun, mi is the correct form.

Nos means us.

In this sentence, it is an indirect object pronoun, showing who received the action:

• mi tutora nos enseñó... = my tutor showed us / taught us...

In standard Spanish, object pronouns usually go before a conjugated verb:

• me explicó
• nos enseñó
• les dio

So nos enseñó literally has the structure showed/taught us.

Enseñó is the third-person singular preterite form of enseñar:

• yo enseñé
• tú enseñaste
• él/ella enseñó

The accent mark helps show both pronunciation and verb form.

It also distinguishes it from enseño, which means I teach/show:

• enseño = I teach/show
• enseñó = he/she taught/showed

So the accent is important.

It can mean both, depending on context.

• enseñar algo a alguien can mean to teach someone something
• It can also mean to show someone something

In this sentence, because the object is un atlas, the idea is more like:

• she showed us an atlas

If it were something like mi tutora nos enseñó geografía, that would clearly mean:

• my tutor taught us geography

So enseñar is broader than English teach.

Atlas is a masculine noun in Spanish, so it takes un:

• un atlas
• el atlas

Even though some nouns ending in -as may look unusual to learners, grammatical gender is something you just have to learn with the word.

Its plural is also commonly:

• los atlas

So in this sentence, un atlas is correct.

This means with maps of each continent.

Breakdown:

• con = with
• mapas = maps
• de cada continente = of each continent

Cada is used to talk about members of a group one by one:

• cada día = each day
• cada estudiante = each student
• cada continente = each continent

So the sentence emphasizes that the atlas had maps for every individual continent.

Cada is followed by a singular noun:

• cada continente
• cada libro
• cada alumno

So:

• cada continente = correct
• cada continentes = incorrect

You also do not normally say cada uno continente before a noun. If you use cada uno, it usually stands alone or is part of a different structure:

• cada uno de los continentes = each one of the continents

That is also correct, but it is longer than cada continente.

In Spanish, names of school subjects, languages, and most adjectives of nationality are usually not capitalized.

So:

• geografía
• historia
• matemáticas
• español

This is different from English, where Geography might sometimes be capitalized in certain contexts.

The given word order is very natural:

• En geografía, mi tutora nos enseñó un atlas con mapas de cada continente.

But Spanish word order is somewhat flexible. For example, you could also say:

• Mi tutora nos enseñó en geografía un atlas con mapas de cada continente.

That said, the original version sounds better because En geografía sets the scene first, like In geography class...

So the sentence begins with the context, then gives the subject, then the verb and objects.

Con means with.

It links un atlas to an extra description:

• un atlas con mapas de cada continente = an atlas with maps of each continent

This is similar to:

• una casa con jardín = a house with a garden
• un libro con fotos = a book with photos

So con introduces what the atlas contains.

Yes, in many contexts it could.

• mi profesora = my teacher
• mi tutora = my tutor/form tutor/female tutor

The difference depends on the school context. Profesora is the more general word for a female teacher. Tutora can be more specific, especially in Spain.

So both are possible words, but they do not always mean exactly the same thing.