Spanish uses doler differently from English.
In English, we often say:
But in Spanish, the structure is more like:
So:
That is why me duele la muñeca is the normal Spanish pattern.
You may hear English speakers try to translate word-for-word and say something unnatural. The natural Spanish structure with doler is:
With body parts, Spanish usually prefers:
So instead of saying my wrist, Spanish often says the wrist, while the pronoun shows whose wrist it is.
Using mi muñeca is possible in some cases, but here la muñeca is the most natural choice.
Because the subject is singular: la muñeca.
With doler, the verb agrees with the thing that hurts, not with the person.
More examples:
Yes, muñeca can mean both wrist and doll.
The meaning depends on context.
In this sentence:
the context of a fall and pain makes wrist the obvious meaning.
Examples:
So this is one of those Spanish words with two meanings.
No. The me here is not a reflexive pronoun; it is an indirect object pronoun.
It tells you who is affected:
So:
This is different from a reflexive verb like:
The comma separates the introductory phrase from the main clause.
So the comma helps readability:
In short sentences, Spanish punctuation can sometimes be flexible, but this comma is very natural and clear.
Yes, that is possible, but it means something slightly different in structure.
Both are correct. The original sentence sounds very natural and focuses on the fall as an event.
Caída is pronounced roughly ka-EE-da.
The accent mark shows that the i is stressed and pronounced separately from the a. So it is not one smooth diphthong; it has a break:
Without the accent, Spanish spelling rules would suggest a different pronunciation.
This is a common pattern in words where a weak vowel like i or u is stressed next to another vowel:
It is standard Spanish and would be understood everywhere.
Nothing in Después de la caída, me duele la muñeca is uniquely Spain-only grammar. Speakers in Spain and Latin America would all understand it and would commonly say something very similar.
The main differences across regions would be pronunciation, not the basic grammar of this sentence.