На работе мне оформили больничный на три дня, чтобы я не ходил с температурой в офис.

Here больничный means sick leave or a sick note / medical leave document.

In everyday Russian, больничный is short for больничный лист or the official document that lets you stay home from work because of illness. Depending on context, it can refer to:

• the actual paperwork
• the period of leave itself

So in this sentence, it basically means that sick leave was officially arranged for the speaker.

This is a very common Russian pattern.

Оформили is they arranged / they processed, but Russian often uses 3rd person plural with no stated subject to mean someone, they, or the people responsible.

So:

• Мне оформили больничный = They arranged sick leave for me
• In natural English, this often becomes I was put on sick leave or They processed my sick leave

The speaker does not care who exactly did it, or it is obvious from context: HR, a doctor, administration, etc.

Because мне is the dative case, and here it means for me or to me.

Compare:

• я = I as the subject
• мне = to me / for me

In this sentence, the speaker is not doing the action. The action is being done for the speaker:

• мне оформили больничный = they arranged sick leave for me

So мне is exactly what Russian grammar requires here.

На работе literally means at work or at the workplace.

In this sentence, it sets the context:

• На работе мне оформили больничный... = At work, they arranged sick leave for me...

It suggests that this happened through the speaker’s workplace or in connection with work.

Russian often uses на работе where English might say:

• at work
• at my workplace
• through work

The verb оформить often means:

• to process
• to arrange officially
• to complete the formalities for
• to issue / register

So оформили больничный is not just gave me sick leave in a casual sense. It suggests official paperwork or formal approval.

A very literal breakdown would be:

• оформили = processed / arranged officially
• больничный = sick leave / sick note

So the phrase means something like:

• they officially put me on sick leave
• they processed sick leave for me

На три дня means for three days.

The preposition на is often used with a length of time to mean for a period:

• на день = for a day
• на неделю = for a week
• на три дня = for three days

This is a very common construction in Russian.

Because numerals in Russian affect the noun that follows them.

After три, Russian uses a form that looks like the genitive singular:

• один день
• два дня
• три дня
• четыре дня
• пять дней

So:

• на три дня = for three days

This is one of the standard number patterns you have to get used to in Russian.

Here чтобы means so that or in order that.

It introduces a purpose clause:

• ...чтобы я не ходил с температурой в офис
• ...so that I wouldn’t go to the office with a fever

The idea is: the sick leave was arranged for a reason — to prevent the speaker from going into the office while sick.

This is a very important Russian pattern.

After чтобы, Russian often uses the form that looks like the past tense:

• чтобы я сделал
• чтобы он пришёл
• чтобы мы не опоздали
• чтобы я не ходил

Even though it looks like past tense, here it does not simply mean past time. After чтобы, this form often expresses:

• purpose
• desired result
• something intended or prevented

So чтобы я не ходил means:

• so that I wouldn’t go
• so that I wouldn’t be going
• so I wouldn’t keep going

It is completely normal Russian grammar.

Because ходить and пойти are different aspects and different types of motion.

Here ходил is more natural because the meaning is not so that I wouldn’t set off once, but rather so that I wouldn’t be going to the office while sick.

Why ходить works well here:

• it can describe repeated or routine going
• going to the office is normally a regular activity
• it fits the idea of not going in during those three days

If you used пошёл, it would sound more like:

• so that I wouldn’t go off / set out once

That is less natural in this context.

С температурой literally means with a temperature, but in natural English that means with a fever.

In Russian, people often say:

• у меня температура = I have a fever / temperature
• идти с температурой = to go somewhere while having a fever

So here:

• не ходил с температурой в офис = didn’t go to the office with a fever

It is a very normal Russian way to say this.

Because the preposition с often takes the instrumental case when it means with in the sense of accompanying condition or accompaniment.

So:

• температура → температурой
• с температурой = with a fever / while having a fever

This is the same pattern as:

• с другом = with a friend
• с проблемой = with a problem
• с кашлем = with a cough

Because в офис expresses motion toward a place.

Russian distinguishes:

• в офис = to the office (direction, motion)
• в офисе = in the office (location)

Since ходить here means to go, the sentence needs the directional form:

• не ходил в офис = didn’t go to the office

If you said в офисе, it would mean being inside the office, not going there.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible, and different orders change emphasis more than basic meaning.

For example, these are all possible:

• На работе мне оформили больничный на три дня...
• Мне на работе оформили больничный на три дня...
• Больничный на три дня мне оформили на работе...

The original version starts with На работе, which sets the scene first: at work.

That sounds natural because it answers the implied question where / through whom was this arranged?

It is mostly neutral everyday Russian.

A few notes:

• больничный is common everyday language
• оформить больничный is very normal and idiomatic
• the whole sentence sounds natural in conversation

If you wanted something more formal, you might hear terms like:

• листок нетрудоспособности
• оформили больничный лист

But in ordinary speech, больничный is exactly what most people say.

Yes, very strongly.

The phrase с температурой shows the speaker had a fever, and the purpose clause explains why the sick leave was arranged:

• чтобы я не ходил с температурой в офис
• so that I wouldn’t go to the office with a fever

So the sentence implies both:

• the speaker was ill
• someone wanted to stop them from coming into the office while sick