Trouxe um berbequim pequeno para aparafusar o quadro sem estragar a parede.

In Portuguese, the subject pronoun is often omitted when it is clear from the verb form. Trouxe already tells you the subject is eu or sometimes ele/ela/você, depending on context.

Here, without extra context, it most naturally reads as I brought because that is a very common implied subject. Portuguese does this much more often than English:

• Trouxe um berbequim. = I brought a drill.
• Comprei pão. = I bought bread.

You can add eu for emphasis or contrast:

• Eu trouxe o berbequim, não foi ele.

Trouxe is the pretérito perfeito (simple past / preterite) of trazer.

So:

• trazer = to bring
• trouxe = brought

This verb is irregular, so you cannot predict it from the infinitive very easily. Useful forms are:

• eu trouxe
• tu trouxeste
• ele/ela/você trouxe
• nós trouxemos
• vocês trouxeram
• eles/elas trouxeram

In this sentence, it refers to a completed action in the past: the speaker brought the drill.

This is the same kind of distinction as bring vs take in English.

• trazer / trouxe = bring / brought
• levar / levei = take / took

Portuguese chooses between them based on the point of reference, just like English does. If the speaker is talking about bringing the drill to the place being discussed, trouxe makes sense.

Very roughly:

• Trouxe um berbequim. = I brought a drill (to here / to this situation).
• Levei um berbequim. = I took a drill (to there).

Yes. Berbequim is the usual European Portuguese word for drill.

In Brazilian Portuguese, people would more commonly say furadeira.

So this is a good example of a vocabulary difference between Portugal and Brazil:

• Portugal: berbequim
• Brazil: furadeira

In Portuguese, adjectives often come after the noun, especially when they describe a straightforward physical quality like size, color, shape, etc.

So:

• um berbequim pequeno = a small drill
• uma casa grande = a big house
• uma parede branca = a white wall

You can sometimes put adjectives before the noun, but that often changes the tone or meaning. With pequeno, placing it before the noun can sound more subjective or figurative in some contexts. Here, um berbequim pequeno is the normal, neutral choice.

Para + infinitive often expresses purpose: to / in order to do something.

So:

• para aparafusar = to screw on / to fasten with screws / in order to screw

This structure is extremely common:

• Trouxe uma escada para pintar o teto.
• Comprei fita-cola para embrulhar o presente.

In your sentence, it explains why the drill was brought.

Aparafusar means to fasten with a screw / to screw in / to attach using screws.

It comes from parafuso, meaning screw.

Related words:

• parafuso = screw
• chave de parafusos = screwdriver
• aparafusar = to screw on / screw in / fasten with screws
• desaparafusar = to unscrew

So para aparafusar o quadro means the drill is intended for fastening the picture/frame using screws.

Quadro can mean several related things depending on context, including:

• a picture
• a painting
• a framed picture
• a frame
• a board or panel in other contexts

In a sentence about using a drill and not damaging the wall, o quadro most naturally means a picture / framed picture to be fixed to the wall.

Portuguese often leaves this kind of detail to context, just as English sometimes does with the picture or the frame.

After sem, Portuguese often uses the infinitive when the subject is the same as the main clause or when the subject is understood generally.

So:

• sem estragar a parede = without damaging the wall

This is very natural and common.

You can also get sem que + subjunctive, especially when a full clause is needed or when the subject is different:

• Saiu sem que ninguém o visse. = He left without anyone seeing him.

But in your sentence, sem estragar a parede is the simplest and most idiomatic form.

Because a parede here is the direct object of estragar.

The idea is:

• estragar a parede = to damage the wall

If you said na parede, that would express location:

• pendurar o quadro na parede = to hang the picture on the wall

So compare:

• aparafusar o quadro na parede = fasten the picture to the wall
• estragar a parede = damage the wall

In your sentence, the wall is not the place linked to estragar; it is what might get damaged.

Possibly, but it would change the meaning.

• furar = to drill / pierce / make a hole
• aparafusar = to fasten with screws

A drill can be used both to make a hole and, depending on the tool or bit, to drive screws. The sentence uses aparafusar because the focus is on attaching the picture with screws, not just making a hole.

If you said:

• para furar a parede

that would mean to drill the wall, which is a different action.

The original order is very natural:

• Trouxe um berbequim pequeno para aparafusar o quadro sem estragar a parede.

But Portuguese does allow some movement, depending on emphasis. For example:

• Para aparafusar o quadro sem estragar a parede, trouxe um berbequim pequeno.

This gives more emphasis to the purpose first.

The original order is probably the most neutral and conversational.

A rough English-friendly guide:

• berbequim ≈ behr-buh-KEEN
• trouxe ≈ something like TROH-sh or TROH-she, depending on accent

A few pronunciation notes for European Portuguese:

• Final unstressed vowels are often reduced.
• x in trouxe is pronounced like sh in standard European Portuguese.
• European Portuguese often sounds more compressed than Brazilian Portuguese.

If you are studying Portugal Portuguese, it is worth listening carefully to native audio, because the written form can look much clearer than the spoken one.

Yes, it sounds natural and correct.

It is a normal kind of sentence for everyday speech, especially if someone is explaining why they brought a tool and wanted to avoid damage.

A native speaker might also say variations such as:

• Trouxe um berbequim pequeno para prender o quadro sem estragar a parede.
• Trouxe um berbequim para aparafusar o quadro sem danificar a parede.

But your original sentence is perfectly good European Portuguese.