Amanhã eu vou ao banco para resolver esse problema.

Yes. Amanhã is at the beginning because Portuguese often puts time expressions early for emphasis or to set the scene.

All of these are natural:

• Amanhã eu vou ao banco para resolver esse problema.
• Eu vou ao banco amanhã para resolver esse problema.
• Eu vou amanhã ao banco para resolver esse problema.

The first version is especially common because it immediately tells you when the action happens.

You can usually leave out eu.

Portuguese often drops subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows who the subject is:

• Amanhã vou ao banco... = perfectly natural
• Amanhã eu vou ao banco... = also correct

Including eu can add clarity, contrast, or emphasis. In everyday Brazilian Portuguese, both versions are common.

In Brazilian Portuguese, the present tense is very often used for a planned or near-future action, especially when a time word like amanhã is already present.

So:

• Amanhã eu vou ao banco = very natural
• Amanhã irei ao banco = correct, but sounds more formal or literary

English does something similar with I’m going tomorrow or I go tomorrow in certain contexts. In Portuguese, using vou here is extremely normal.

Because ao is a contraction of a + o.

Here’s what is happening:

• ir a = to go to
• o banco = the bank

So:

• a + o banco → ao banco

This kind of contraction is very common in Portuguese:

• a + a → à
• de + o → do
• em + o → no

So vou ao banco literally comes from vou a o banco, but you must contract it to ao.

Yes, but there is a small difference.

• ir ao banco is very common and often feels like go to the bank
• ir para o banco can also mean go to the bank, but para sometimes suggests movement toward a destination a bit more strongly

In real Brazilian Portuguese, both are used, but ir ao banco is a very standard way to say this.

You may also hear ir no banco in casual spoken Brazilian Portuguese. Many people say it, but in more careful or traditional grammar, ir ao banco is usually preferred.

Because para + infinitive is a very common way to express purpose in Portuguese.

So:

• para resolver esse problema = in order to solve this problem

The subject of resolver is understood to be the same person as the main verb:

• eu vou ao banco
• eu am going there to solve the problem

This is similar to English:

• I’m going to the bank to solve this problem

Yes. In spoken Brazilian Portuguese, pra is extremely common.

So both are natural:

• para resolver esse problema = more neutral, full form
• pra resolver esse problema = very common in speech, more informal

In writing, especially formal writing, para is safer. In conversation, pra is everywhere.

These words are demonstratives.

A simple modern Brazilian Portuguese guide is:

• este = this, very close to the speaker, or in more formal usage
• esse = this/that, near the listener or already being discussed
• aquele = that over there, farther away from both speaker and listener

In real Brazilian Portuguese, esse often does a lot of the work that this/that do in English.

So esse problema is very natural if you mean:

• that problem
• this problem we’re talking about

In everyday Brazilian Portuguese, esse is often much more common than este.

Good question. Problema ends in -a, but it is a masculine noun:

• o problema
• esse problema

A small group of Portuguese nouns ending in -a are masculine, often with Greek origin, such as:

• o problema
• o sistema
• o tema
• o programa

So you need masculine words with it:

• esse problema
• um problema
• o problema

No. Banco can mean more than one thing, including:

• bank (financial institution)
• bench
• sometimes seat/stool, depending on context

Context tells you which meaning is intended. In this sentence, because of resolver esse problema, the most likely meaning is a bank where you go to deal with an issue.

Amanhã is roughly pronounced like ah-ma-NYAH̃.

Two important points:

1. nh This sounds like the ny in canyon. So:

   • nh ≈ ny

2. ã This is a nasal vowel. Air comes out partly through the nose. It is not the same as a plain English a.

So amanhã is not pronounced like amana. The last syllable is nasal.

A rough English-friendly approximation is:

• ah-ma-NYAN with a nasal ending

Not perfect, but helpful as a starting point.

Yes. A very natural shorter version would be:

• Amanhã vou ao banco resolver esse problema.

This drops eu, which is often unnecessary, and it can also drop para, because Portuguese sometimes allows the infinitive of purpose directly after the main clause.

So these are all natural:

• Amanhã eu vou ao banco para resolver esse problema.
• Amanhã vou ao banco para resolver esse problema.
• Amanhã vou ao banco resolver esse problema.

The original sentence is completely correct; these are just common shorter alternatives.