Eu fico mais calmo depois de falar com você.

Ficar often means to become, to get, or to end up in a state.

So eu fico mais calmo means something like:

• I get calmer
• I become calmer
• I feel calmer

That is different from:

• eu sou calmo = I am a calm person (general characteristic)
• eu estou calmo = I am calm (current state)

In this sentence, the idea is that talking to the person changes your state, so ficar is very natural.

It can suggest both, depending on context, but the main idea is a change of state:

• I get calmer
• I feel calmer
• I’m calmer

Portuguese often uses ficar + adjective where English might use get, become, or sometimes just be.

So even if the meaning shown to the learner is I feel calmer after talking to you, fico still makes perfect sense.

Yes. Mais calmo literally means more calm, but in natural English that is usually calmer.

Portuguese forms many comparatives with:

• mais + adjective

Examples:

• mais feliz = happier
• mais difícil = more difficult
• mais calmo = calmer

Here, there is no explicit than... part, so it means calmer than before or more calm afterward.

Because the adjective agrees with the speaker.

• A male speaker would normally say calmo
• A female speaker would normally say calma

So:

• Eu fico mais calmo depois de falar com você. = said by a man
• Eu fico mais calma depois de falar com você. = said by a woman

This agreement is very common in Portuguese adjectives.

Yes. In many contexts, you can simply say:

• Fico mais calmo depois de falar com você.

Portuguese often drops subject pronouns when the meaning is clear from the verb form or the context.

Including eu can add emphasis, contrast, or clarity, but it is not always necessary.

Because depois de means after, and when a verb comes after a preposition like de, Portuguese normally uses the infinitive.

So:

• depois de falar = after talking / after speaking

This is a very common structure:

• antes de sair = before leaving
• depois de comer = after eating
• sem estudar = without studying

So depois de falar com você is a standard and natural construction.

Because the full expression is depois de.

It works as a unit:

• depois de + infinitive
• depois de + noun

Examples:

• depois de falar = after talking
• depois da aula = after class

So the de is not specifically required by falar here. It is required by depois de.

Usually, depois de falar com você is the more natural choice here.

You can build sentences with depois que..., but the meaning and structure are a bit different. For example:

• Depois que eu falei com você, fiquei mais calmo. = After I talked to you, I became calmer.

In your sentence, depois de + infinitive is shorter and very natural when the subject is understood.

So depois de falar com você is exactly the kind of structure learners should get used to.

Because in Portuguese, falar usually takes the preposition com when the meaning is to talk with/to someone.

So:

• falar com alguém = to talk to/with someone

Examples:

• falei com minha mãe = I talked to my mother
• quero falar com você = I want to talk to you

Saying falar você would be incorrect in this meaning.

In Brazilian Portuguese, com você is much more common than contigo.

Both can mean with you, but:

• com você = the usual choice in Brazil
• contigo = correct, but less common in everyday Brazilian speech

So this sentence sounds very natural in Brazilian Portuguese:

• depois de falar com você

In Brazilian Portuguese, você usually means singular you and is extremely common in everyday speech.

It can be:

• neutral
• informal
• sometimes semi-formal, depending on region and situation

It is the normal way many Brazilians address another person.

So in this sentence, com você simply means with you / to you.

Fico is present indicative.

Here it often expresses a general truth, habit, or repeated experience:

• Eu fico mais calmo depois de falar com você. = I get calmer after talking to you. = Talking to you makes me calmer.

So it does not have to mean only one specific moment. It often means this is what normally happens.

Yes, but it changes the focus.

• Eu fico mais calmo... emphasizes the change: I become calmer.
• Eu estou mais calmo... emphasizes the resulting state: I am calmer.

Compare:

• Eu fico mais calmo depois de falar com você.
  Talking to you makes me calmer.

• Eu estou mais calmo depois de falar com você.
  Right now, after talking to you, I am calmer.

Both are possible, but fico is especially good when you want to express what talking to the person does to you.

Yes. Portuguese often leaves the comparison understood.

So mais calmo here means:

• calmer than before
• more calm afterward

You do not need to explicitly say do que antes (than before) unless you want to stress it.

You would change você to vocês:

• Eu fico mais calmo depois de falar com vocês.

And if the speaker is female:

• Eu fico mais calma depois de falar com vocês.

So the main changes are:

• você → vocês
• calmo → calma if the speaker is female