Vamos conversar com calma para resolver o problema.

Here, vamos means let’s.

So Vamos conversar = Let’s talk / Let’s have a conversation.

Even though vamos is literally the we form of ir (to go), in this structure it often works like an invitation or suggestion:

• Vamos sair. = Let’s go out.
• Vamos ver. = Let’s see.
• Vamos conversar. = Let’s talk.

So in this sentence, it is not mainly about physical movement; it is a suggestion to do something together.

Because after vamos used as let’s, Portuguese normally uses another verb in the infinitive.

Structure:

• vamos + infinitive

Examples:

• Vamos comer. = Let’s eat.
• Vamos estudar. = Let’s study.
• Vamos conversar. = Let’s talk.

So conversar stays in its dictionary form, not a conjugated form like conversamos.

Portuguese often drops subject pronouns when the verb already makes the subject clear.

• (Nós) vamos conversar...

Because vamos clearly shows we, nós is unnecessary in most contexts.

Including nós is possible, but it can sound more explicit or emphatic:

• Nós vamos conversar com calma...

Most of the time, just Vamos conversar... sounds natural and complete.

Conversar means to talk, to have a conversation, or to discuss.

It is close to falar, but not exactly the same.

• falar = to speak / to talk
• conversar = to converse / to talk with someone

So conversar usually suggests a more mutual exchange, not just speaking in general.

Compare:

• Preciso falar com você. = I need to speak to you.
• Precisamos conversar. = We need to talk.

In your sentence, conversar fits well because the idea is to calmly talk things through.

Yes, literally it is with calm, but in natural English it usually means:

• calmly
• slowly
• without rushing
• taking our time

So conversar com calma means something like:

• talk calmly
• talk it through without rushing
• have a calm conversation

This is a very common expression in Portuguese.

Examples:

• Pensa com calma. = Think carefully / Take your time to think.
• Vamos decidir isso com calma. = Let’s decide this calmly / without rushing.

Yes, grammatically you could say calmamente, but com calma is much more common and natural in everyday Brazilian Portuguese.

Compare:

• Vamos conversar com calma. = very natural
• Vamos conversar calmamente. = correct, but a bit more formal or less everyday

Portuguese often prefers expressions like com calma instead of an adverb ending in -mente.

It expresses purpose — in other words, why we are going to talk calmly.

• para = in order to / to
• resolver o problema = solve the problem

So:

• Vamos conversar com calma para resolver o problema. means:
• Let’s talk calmly in order to solve the problem.

This is a very common Portuguese structure:

• Estudo para aprender. = I study to learn.
• Liguei para ajudar. = I called to help.

Because after para expressing purpose, Portuguese usually uses the infinitive when the subject is understood and does not need to be repeated.

So:

• para resolver o problema = to solve the problem

That is the normal structure here.

A different structure is possible in more complex sentences, such as:

• para que a gente resolva o problema
• para que nós resolvamos o problema

Those mean something like so that we solve the problem, but they are heavier and less direct. In your sentence, para resolver is the simplest and most natural choice.

Because Portuguese uses definite articles more often than English.

• o problema = the problem

In English, sometimes we might say solve the problem, solve this problem, or even just solve problems depending on context. In Portuguese, using the article is very normal when referring to a specific known thing.

So resolver o problema is the expected way to say solve the problem.

Also, note that problema is masculine in Portuguese, even though it ends in -a:

• o problema
• um problema

That is something learners often notice.

Yes. Problema is masculine:

• o problema
• um problema
• os problemas

This is one of a group of words of Greek origin that end in -ma and are usually masculine in Portuguese, such as:

• o sistema
• o tema
• o programa
• o problema

So the ending -a does not always mean a noun is feminine.

Yes, in spoken Brazilian Portuguese, pra is a very common informal form of para.

So you will often hear:

• Vamos conversar com calma pra resolver o problema.

This sounds natural in conversation.

In more careful writing, formal writing, or teaching materials, para is more standard.

So:

• para = standard, neutral, formal-safe
• pra = very common in speech, informal writing, messages, etc.

It sounds natural and idiomatic in Brazilian Portuguese.

Vamos conversar com calma para resolver o problema. is something a Brazilian speaker could genuinely say in everyday life, especially in a situation where people need to calm down and discuss a solution.

It sounds:

• polite
• cooperative
• constructive

It does not sound overly formal, and it does not sound unnatural.

A broad, learner-friendly pronunciation would be something like:

VAH-mooz kohn-vehr-SAHR kohng KAHL-mah PAH-rah heh-zol-VEHR oo proh-BLEH-mah

A few useful pronunciation notes:

• Vamos often sounds like vamoz or even vamu in casual speech.
• conversar has stress on the last syllable: sar
• com often sounds nasal, roughly like kohng
• resolver in Brazil usually has an h-like sound for r at the beginning of a syllable: heh-zol-VER
• problema has stress on ble: pro-BLE-ma

In fast natural speech, the whole sentence may sound smoother and more connected:

• Vamo(s) conversá com calma pra resolvê o problema.

That more reduced pronunciation is common in casual Brazilian speech, even though the full written form is Vamos conversar com calma para resolver o problema.